Table 5.
Associations with clinical characteristics
| No Crystals N = 232 |
Crystals N = 200 |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes | 68 (29) | 74 (37) | 0.09 |
| Cerebral vascular incident | 6 (3) | 3 (2) | 0.43 |
| Coronary artery disease | 23 (10) | 29 (14) | 0.14 |
| Hypertension | 127 (55) | 103 (51) | 0.5 |
| Smoking* | |||
| Never | 110 (48) | 102 (51) | 0.39 |
| Former | 94 (41) | 71 (36) | |
| Current | 23 (10) | 26 (13) | |
| Medication exposure** | |||
| Cholesterol lowering agents | 88 (39) | 80 (40) | 0.73 |
| Tamoxifen | 6 (3) | 6 (3) | 0.81 |
| Vitamins | 89 (39) | 82 (41) | 0.64 |
| Dietary supplements | 65 (29) | 59 (30) | 0.79 |
| Multi-vitamin | 56 (25) | 40 (20) | 0.27 |
| Preservision | 13 (6) | 19 (10) | 0.13 |
| Vitamin A | 3 (1) | 6 (3) | 0.22 |
| Beta-carotene | 3 (1) | 3 (2) | 0.87 |
| Zinc | 4 (2) | 7 (4) | 0.25 |
| Lutein/zeaxanthin | 13 (6) | 13 (7) | 0.72 |
| NEI-VFQ | |||
| Overall NEI-VFQ score | 77.9 (13.7) | 78.1 (13.6) | 0.17 |
| General vision | 65.6 (15.7) | 64.6 (62.4) | 0.52 |
| Colour vision | 96.7 (10.8) | 96.8 (11.0) | 0.9 |
| Near activities | 70.9 (20.2) | 67.4 (20.6) | 0.08 |
| Distance activities | 76.9 (19.2) | 75.3 (21.3) | 0.41 |
Values are n (probands) with % shown in parentheses, or mean ± SD for the NEI-VFQ data. Note 3 participants did not have this data available.
*
Smoking data not available for 9 participants (5 - no crystals; 4 crystals).
**
10 participants did not have this data available, 5 with, 5 without crystals) Chi-square test was used for comparing percentages, t-test for comparing means.