Table 1.
Effect of long-term storage on the total iridoid, phenolic and flavonoid contents of 21 South African medicinal plants
| Plant name | Family | Voucher number | Plant part(s) |
Total iridoids (μg HE/g DW) |
Total phenolics (mg GAE/g DW) |
Total flavonoids (mg CE/g DW) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stored | Fresh | Stored | Fresh | Stored | Fresh | ||||
|
Acokanthera oppositifolia (Lam.) Coddδ |
Apocynaceae |
A. Aremu 1 NU |
Roots |
264.6 ± 4.82 ** |
134.5 ± 5.51 |
7.5 ± 0.37 * |
9.3 ± 0.44 |
4.8 ± 0.12 * |
5.4 ± 0.17 |
|
Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd# |
Asteraceae |
S. Amoo 15 NU |
Aerial parts |
356.9 ± 22.72 ns |
341.7 ± 19.97 |
28.5 ± 1.15 ns |
25.8 ± 0.03 |
18.3 ± 0.65 ns |
16.7 ± 0.34 |
|
Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willdδ |
Asteraceae |
S. Amoo 15 NU |
Aerial parts |
195.1 ± 63.35 ns |
341.7 ± 19.97 |
34.7 ± 1.79 ** |
25.8 ± 0.03 |
19.7 ± 0.87 * |
16.7 ± 0.34 |
|
Buddleja salviifolia (L.) Lam# |
Buddlejaceae |
S. Amoo 16 NU |
Leaves |
60.8 ± 15.84 ** |
409.9 ± 13.77 |
9.0 ± 0.36 *** |
20.0 ± 0.81 |
6.6 ± 0.28 *** |
14.6 ± 0.32 |
|
Buddleja salviifolia (L.) Lam# |
Buddlejaceae |
S. Amoo 16 NU |
Twigs |
111.1 ± 9.64 ** |
400.3 ± 27.54 |
8.3 ± 0.25 *** |
11.1 ± 0.24 |
5.0 ± 0.25 * |
5.9 ± 0.11 |
|
Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook. F. ex Benth# |
Rutaceae |
S. Amoo 18 NU |
Leaves & Twigs |
3019.6 ± 63.35 ns |
3264.7 ± 96.40 |
31.3 ± 0.05 * |
28.1 ± 0.99 |
11.7 ± 0.17 *** |
7.6 ± 0.20 |
|
Cussonia spicata Thunb. # |
Araliaceae |
S. Amoo 09 NU |
Leaves |
82.8 ± 39.25 ns |
38.8 ± 11.71 |
11.4 ± 0.16 ** |
7.6 ± 0.69 |
9.1 ± 0.53 *** |
3.4 ± 0.27 |
|
Dombeya rotundifolia Hochst. # |
Malvaceae |
S. Amoo 11 NU |
Leaves |
7076.6 ± 177.64 ** |
9499.6 ± 117.75 |
45.3 ± 0.89 ns |
47.3 ± 1.94 |
29.7 ± 3.05 ns |
35.4 ± 0.87 |
|
Ekebergia capensis Sparrmδ |
Meliaceae |
S. Amoo 23 NU |
Leaves & Twigs |
547.6 ± 22.03 *** |
2221.5 ± 53.02 |
31.7 ± 1.29 *** |
44.9 ± 0.78 |
22.8 ± 1.25 ns |
26.0 ± 0.29 |
|
Leonotis intermedia Lindl.δ |
Lamiaceae |
S. Amoo 08 NU |
Leaves |
56.0 ± 1.38 * |
72.5 ± 2.75 |
15.1 ± 0.57 ** |
11.6 ± 0.23 |
12.1 ± 0.38 *** |
6.8 ± 0.10 |
|
Leonotis leonurus (L.) R.Br.δ |
Lamiaceae |
S. Amoo 12 NU |
Leaves |
51.8 ± 1.38 ns |
171.0 ± 30.99 |
10.5 ± 0.22 *** |
18.2 ± 0.76 |
6.6 ± 0.23 *** |
10.3 ± 0.01 |
|
Merwilla plumbea (Lindl.) Septaδ |
Hyacinthaceae |
S. Amoo 21 NU |
Bulbs |
64.2 ± 8.26 ns |
207.5 ± 75.74 |
7.8 ± 0.29 ** |
9.8 ± 0.25 |
1.4 ± 0.09 ns |
1.7 ± 0.37 |
|
Ocotea bullata (Burch.) Baill.δ |
Lauraceae |
S. Amoo 13 NU |
Bark |
3060.9 ± 121.19 ** |
6112.6 ± 207.95 |
32.7 ± 0.82 ** |
46.4 ± 2.00 |
18.4 ± 0.62 *** |
26.8 ± 0.50 |
|
Olea europaea L.# |
Oleaceae |
S. Amoo 14 NU |
Leaves |
0 ns |
283.2 ± 79.87 |
17.2 ± 0.41 * |
18.7 ± 0.06 |
13.1 ± 0.31 *** |
9.7 ± 0.28 |
|
Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims# |
Pittosporaceae |
S. Amoo 24 NU |
Leaves & Twigs |
63.6 ± 8.95 ns |
194.4 ± 65.41 |
10.6 ± 0.20 *** |
26.0 ± 0.91 |
5.3 ± 0.12 *** |
15.6 ± 0.22 |
|
Plumbago auriculata Lam.δ |
Plumbaginaceae |
S. Amoo 06 NU |
Leaves |
9.8 ± 7.57 ** |
521.4 ± 50.95 |
7.6 ± 0.66 *** |
15.0 ± 0.46 |
1.3 ± 0.15 ** |
5.5 ± 0.64 |
|
Protorhus longifolia (Bernh.) Engl.δ |
Anacardiaceae |
S. Amoo 19 NU |
Leaves |
1034.4 ± 47.51 ** |
7787.2 ± 290.57 |
51.8 ± 1.27 *** |
114.4 ± 7.83 |
10.1 ± 0.65 *** |
18.3 ± 0.10 |
|
Solanum mauritianum Scop.δ |
Solanaceae |
S. Amoo 07 NU |
Leaves |
71.1 ± 6.89 * |
14.0 ± 11.71 |
8.0 ± 0.11 *** |
13.9 ± 0.24 |
2.0 ± 0.21 ns |
1.5 ± 0.05 |
|
Spirostachys africana Sond.# |
Euphorbiaceae |
S. Amoo 26 NU |
Leaves & Twigs |
553.8 ± 3.44 ns |
527.6 ± 11.71 |
86.2 ± 1.91 ** |
69.1 ± 2.13 |
8.5 ± 0.09 *** |
26.7 ± 0.57 |
|
Synadenium copulare (Boiss.) L.C. Wheelerδ |
Euphorbiaceae |
S. Amoo 25 NU |
Leaves |
11.9 ± 11.02 ns |
273.6 ± 71.61 |
8.5 ± 0.37 *** |
15.2 ± 0.33 |
4.2 ± 0.15 ns |
4.3 ± 0.15 |
|
Tetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Coddδ |
Lamiaceae |
S. Amoo 20 NU |
Leaves |
46.3 ± 9.64 * |
0 |
6.1 ± 0.20 ns |
7.2 ± 0.38 |
2.7 ± 0.08 *** |
1.5 ± 0.02 |
|
Trichilia dregeana Sond.δ |
Meliaceae |
S. Amoo 22 NU |
Leaves & Twigs |
431.9 ± 16.53 ns |
412.0 ± 50.27 |
34.4 ± 10.26 ns |
32.6 ± 1.17 |
8.7 ± 0.61 *** |
20.2 ± 0.19 |
|
Ziziphus mucronata Willd.# |
Rhamnaceae |
S. Amoo 17 NU |
Leaves |
314.2 ± 37.87 ns |
412.7 ± 22.03 |
23.6 ± 1.61 ** |
33.4 ± 0.62 |
7.1 ± 0.10 *** |
9.0 ± 0.09 |
| Ziziphus mucronata Willd.δ | Rhamnaceae | S. Amoo 17 NU | Leaves | 90.4 ± 1.38 ** | 412.7 ± 22.03 | 19.7 ± 0.42 *** | 33.4 ± 0.62 | 6.9 ± 0.34 ** | 9.0 ± 0.09 |
ns = not significant; P = 0.05 (*); P = 0.01 (**); P = 0.001 (***).
HE = harpagoside equivalents; GAE = gallic acid equivalents; CE = catechin equivalents.
δ = Voucher number of plant material stored for 16 years was as described by Jäger et al. (1996); # = Voucher number of plant material stored for 12 years was as described by McGaw et al. (2000).
Merwilla plumbea (Lindl.) Speta was formerly known as Scilla natalensis Planch.