Table 1. Summary of studies evaluating the association between ED and CV events in diabetic men.

First author, year	Type of diabetes	Country	Assessment of ED	Outcomes	Follow-up (yrs)	Number of all patients	Age (yrs)	HbA1c (%)	BMI (kg/m2)	Duration of diabetes (yrs)
Cohort studies
Ma, 2008a [18]	Type 2	Hong Kong (China)	Interview	CV events, CHD	4.0	2306	54.2	7.8	25.0	5.9
Gazzaruso, 2008b [19]	Type 2	Italy	IIEF-5 questionnaire	CV events, CHD, PVD	3.9	291	54.8	7.3	27.5	8.2
Batty, 2010c [17]	Type 2	Multiple countries	Interview	CV events, CHD	5.0	6304	65.9	7.5	28.0	8.0
Cross-sectional studies
Klein, 1996d [20]	Type 1	USA	Interview	CV events, PVD	-	359	37.6	10.0	25.7	22.5
Fedele, 2000e [21]	Type 1 and Type 2	Italy	Interview	CV events, CHD	-	9752	20–69	NA	NA	NA
Kalter-Leibovici, 2005f [7]	Undefined	Israel	IIEF-15 questionnaire	CV events, CHD	-	1040	57.0	7.7	28.5	8.0
Berardis, 2005g [22]	Type 2	Italy	Interview	CV events, PVD	-	1264	61.3	7.0	27.4	10.1
Shiri, 2006h [23]	Undefined	Iran	IIEF-5 questionnaire	CV events, CHD, PVD	-	312	55.2	NA	NA	7.6
Gazzaruso, 2006i [24]	Type 2	Italy	IIEF-5 questionnaire	CV events, CHD	-	198	57.8	7.5	26.3	7.5
Yu, 2010j [25]	Type 2	Hong Kong (China)	IIEF-5 questionnaire	CV events, CHD, PVD	-	313	56.1	7.6	26.0	9.3
Gazzaruso, 2011k [26]	Type 2	Italy	IIEF-5 questionnaire	CV events, CHD	-	293	56.6	7.8	27.0	0
Malpartida, 2011l [27]	Type 2	Spain	IIEF-15 questionnaire	CV events, CHD, PVD	-	154	55.9	6.7	30.2	5

BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); CV events, cardiovascular events; CHD, coronary heart disease; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; IIEF, International Index of Erectile Function;

^aAdjusted for age, duration of diabetes, albuminuria, and use of antihypertensive medications.

^bAdjusted for age, duration of diabetes, hypertension, family history of CHD, smoking, microalbuminuria, HbA_1c, BMI, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and autonomic dysfunction.

^cAdjusted for age, BMI, use of metformin or beta-blockers, history of macrovascular or microvascular disease, duration of diabetes, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, HbA_1c, creatinine, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, resting heart rate, blood pressure, and education.

^dAdjusted for age, duration of diabetes, and HbA_1c.

^eAdjusted for age and duration of diabetes.

^fAdjusted for age, diabetes duration, HbA_1c, microvascular disease, diuretic therapy, work-related and leisure-time physical activity, and alcohol consumption.

^gNot adjusted.

^hAdjusted for age, education, type and duration of diabetes, pulmonary disease, depression, fruit intake, smoking, drugs and substance abuse, microalbuminuria, and HbA_1c.

ⁱAdjusted for age, duration of diabetes, hypertension, family history of coronary artery disease, smoking, microalbuminuria, HbA_lc, BMI, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL.

^jAdjusted for age, duration of diabetes, HbA_1c, insulin therapy, hypertension, dyslipidemia, log albumin/creatinine ratio, retinopathy, chronic kidney disease, and cerebrovascular disease.

^kAdjusted for HbA_1c, BMI, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, hypertension, dyslipidemia, family history of coronary artery disease, smoking, microalbuminuria/macroalbuminuria, pharmacologic treatment, and autonomic dysfunction.

^lAdjusted for age and duration of diabetes.