Figure 12. IL-5, IL-20, and IL-28A stimulated MMP-9 expression through increased DNA-binding activity of NF-κB and AP-1 motifs derived from the MMP-9 promoter in bladder cancer EJ cells.

Cells were incubated with serum-free media for the indicated concentrations of IL-5, IL-20, and IL-28A for 24 h. Then, nuclear extracts from the cells were subjected to EMSA to test NF-κB, AP-1, and Sp-1 binding activity using radiolabeled oligonucleotide probes.