Table 1.
Means, Standard Deviations, and Statistical Summary for Age and Sex.
| Measures | Statistics | Age | Sex | Age X Sex |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sound Pressure Level (dB) |
Mean (SD) | OA: 87.2 (9.3) | W: 86.0 (8.7) | OA W: 85.7 (10.6) |
| YA: 86.8 (6.7) | M: 88.1 (6.8) | OA M: 89.5 (6.2) | ||
| YA W: 86.3 (6.4) | ||||
| YA M: 87.2 (7.1) | ||||
| F (p) | 0.24 (0.625) | 1.87 (0.177) | 0.77 (0.385) | |
|
| ||||
| Duration (seconds) |
Mean (SD) | OA: 2.11 (0.84) | W: 2.03 (0.82) | OA W: 2.17 (0.92) |
| YA: 1.80 (0.66) | M: 1.83 (0.68) | OA M: 2.01 (0.70) | ||
| YA W: 1.88 (0.68) | ||||
| YA M: 1.72 (0.64) | ||||
| F (p) | 10.28 (0.002*) | 3.12 (0.083) | <0.01 (0.967) | |
|
| ||||
| Lung Volume Initiation (%VC) |
Mean (SD) | OA: 36.8 (20.0) | W: 33.6 (14.8) | OA W: 33.5 (14.2) |
| YA: 27.2 (15.2) | M: 29.1 (21.3) | OA M: 41.6 (25.7)a | ||
| YA W: 33.6 (15.3) | ||||
| YA M: 20.7 (12.0)a | ||||
| F (p) | 6.90 (0.011) | 0.36 (0.551) | 6.97 (0.011) | |
|
| ||||
| Lung Volume Termination (%VC) |
Mean (SD) | OA: 23.7 (20.7) | W: 22.3 (14.2) | OA W: 19.8 (13.2) |
| YA: 18.5 (15.4) | M: 19.0 (21.9) | OA M: 24.9 (14.8) | ||
| YA W: 29.5 (27.6) | ||||
| YA M: 12.1 (13.1) | ||||
| F (p) | 2.32 (0.134) | 0.15 (0.697) | 7.81 (0.007*) | |
|
| ||||
| Lung Volume | Mean (SD) | OA: 13.1 (7.3) | W: 11.2 (6.5) | OA W: 13.7 (7.4) |
| Excursion | YA: 8.7 (4.9) | M: 10.1 (6.5) | YA W: 8.7 (4.0) | |
| (%VC) | YA M: 8.7 (5.7) | |||
|
| ||||
| F (p) | 15.15 (<0.001*) | 0.53 (0.469) | 0.53 (0.471) | |
|
| ||||
| %VC per Syllable |
Mean (SD) | OA: 1.46 (0.66) | W: 1.25 (0.59) | OA W: 1.53 (0.66) |
| YA: 0.96 (0.43) | M: 1.12 (0.60) | OA M: 1.37 (0.67) | ||
| YA W: 0.97 (0.34) | ||||
| YA M: 0.96 (0.50) | ||||
| F (p) | 15.31 (<0.001*) | 0.47 (0.494) | 0.39 (0.536) | |
|
| ||||
| Rib Cage Initiation (%RCC) |
Mean (SD) | OA: 38.2 (21.4) | W: 33.8 (19.7) | OA W: 33.5 (22.6) |
| YA: 28.5 (15.9) | M: 31.8 (18.6) | OA M: 45.1 (17.2)a | ||
| YA W: 34 (16.4) | ||||
| YA M: 22.9 (13.4)a | ||||
| F (p) | 6.45 (0.014) | <0.01 (0. 958) | 7.02 (0.011) | |
|
| ||||
| Rib Cage Termination (%RCC) |
Mean (SD) | OA: 27.5 (19.6) | W: 23.8 (17.1) | OA W: 22.4 (18.8) |
| YA: 19.9 (14.8) | M: 22.8 (18.1) | OA M: 35.2 (18.5)a | ||
| YA W: 25.2 (15.2) | ||||
| YA M: 14.5 (12.5)a | ||||
| F (p) | 5.61 (0.022) | 0.08 (0.779) | 9.79 (0.003*) | |
|
| ||||
| Rib Cage | Mean (SD) | OA: 10.7 (8.0) | W: 10.0 (6.4) | OA M: 9.9 (8.4) |
| Excursion | YA: 8.6 (4.5) | YA W: 8.8 (4.3) | ||
| (%RCC) | YA M: 8.4 (4.6) | |||
| F (p) | 2.12 (0.152) | 0.38 (0.541) | 0.10 (0.754) | |
|
| ||||
| Abdominal Volume Initiation (%ABC) | Mean (SD) | OA: 10.6 (10.6) | W: 9.1 (12.7) | OA W: 10.3 (12.3) |
| YA: 8.6 (11.2) | M: 10.1 (8.4) | OA M: 11.2 (7.4) | ||
| YA W: 7.8 (13.1) | ||||
| YA M: 9.4 (9.1) | ||||
| F (p) | 0.83 (0.368) | 0.28 (0.600) | 0.03 (0.874) | |
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| ||||
| Abdominal Volume Termination (%ABC) |
Mean (SD) | OA: 2.8 (12.4) | W: 3.4 (13.7) | OA W: 1.4 (13.8) |
| YA: 4.9 (11.4) | M: 4.7 (9.2) | OA M: 4.9 (9.4) | ||
| YA W: 5.3 (13.4) | ||||
| YA M: 4.5 (9.0) | ||||
| F (p) | 0.45 (0.504) | 0.28 (0.598) | 0.70 (0.408) | |
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| ||||
| Abdominal Volume Excursion (%ABC) |
Mean (SD) | OA: 7.8 (7.1) | W: 5.7 (7.2) | OA W: 8.9 (7.6) |
| YA: 3.7 (5.6) | M: 5.4 (6.1) | OA M: 6.2 (6.1) YA W: 2.5 (5.1) | ||
| YA M: 4.9 (5.9) | ||||
| F (p) | 8.25 (0.006*) | 0.01 (0.923) | 3.51 (0.067) | |
Degrees of freedom = [1, 51]. SD = standard deviation, F = F-ratio, p = level of significance. Asterisk indicates significance at the p < 0.01 level; for significant interaction effects
a
aindicates age effect within sex. OA = older adults, YA = younger adults, W = women, M = men, dB=decibels, %VC, %RCC, %ABC = percent of vital, rib cage, and abdominal capacities.