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. 2012 Jul 20;2(8):2027–2039. doi: 10.1002/ece3.327

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© 2012 Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Re-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2.5, which does not permit commercial exploitation.

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The interaction of dispersal rate and cost of plasticity on the joint evolution of phenotypic plasticity and dispersal rate. Cost is scaled as the percentage decrease in fitness for an individual expressing the optimal reaction norm. In these simulations loci were unlinked. (A) Evolution of plasticity with selection before dispersal (select first). (B) Evolution of plasticity with dispersal before selection (move first). (C) Evolution of dispersal rate with selection before dispersal (select first). (D) Evolution of dispersal rate with dispersal before selection (move first).