Table 5. Determinants of abnormal ABI (ABI <0.9 or ≥1.3) in study patients.
| Parameter | Univariate | Multivariate (Forward) | ||
| OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| Age (per 1 year) | 1.033 (1.016–1.050) | <0.001 | - | - |
| Male versus female | 1.220 (0.822–1.812) | 0.324 | - | - |
| Smoking (ever versus never) | 1.199 (0.579–2.482) | 0.625 | - | - |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2.517 (1.701–3.723) | <0.001 | - | - |
| Hypertension | 2.179 (1.246–3.812) | 0.006 | - | - |
| Coronary artery disease | 2.175 (1.387–3.412) | 0.001 | 5.854 (1.635–20.953) | 0.007 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 2.232 (1.272–3.917) | 0.005 | - | - |
| Systolic blood pressure (per 1 mmHg) | 1.001 (0.992–1.010) | 0.795 | - | - |
| Diastolic blood pressure (per 1 mmHg) | 0.975 (0.960–0.991) | 0.003 | - | - |
| Pulse pressure (per 1 mmHg) | 1.018 (1.006–1.031) | 0.004 | - | - |
| Body mass index (per 1 kg/m2) | 0.996 (0.950–1.045) | 0.877 | - | - |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| Albumin (per 1 g/dL) | 0.527 (0.310–0.896) | 0.018 | - | - |
| Fasting glucose (per 1 mg/dL) | 1.007 (1.003–1.012) | 0.001 | 1.010 (1.001–1.019) | 0.026 |
| Triglyceride (log per 1 mg/dL) | 0.782 (0.320–1.909) | 0.589 | - | - |
| Total cholesterol (per 1 mg/dL) | 1.000 (0.995–1.005) | 0.919 | - | - |
| Hematocrit (per 1%) | 0.926 (0.895–0.957) | <0.001 | 0.916 (0.855–0.980) | 0.011 |
| eGFR (per 1 mL/min/1.73 m2) | 0.975 (0.964–0.986) | <0.001 | - | - |
| Uric acid (per 1 mg/dL) | 1.078 (0.976–1.191) | 0.139 | - | - |
| Proteinuria | 2.606 (1.162–5.845) | 0.020 | - | - |
| Medications | ||||
| Aspirin use | 1.178 (0.399–3.484) | 0.766 | - | - |
| ACEI and/or ARB use | 1.109 (0.727–1.694) | 0.631 | - | - |
| Non-ACEI/ARB antihypertensive drug use | 1.593 (0.991–2.560) | 0.055 | - | - |
| Statin use | 1.002 (0.599–1.677) | 0.993 | - | - |
| Echocardiographic data | ||||
| LVMI (per 1 g/m2) | 1.009 (1.005–1.013) | <0.001 | 1.017 (1.002–1.033) | 0.031 |
| LVEF (per 1%) | 0.990 (0.977–1.003) | 0.126 | - | - |
| E-wave deceleration time (per 1 ms) | 1.002 (0.999–1.005) | 0.196 | - | - |
| E/A (per 1) | 1.045 (0.730–1.496) | 0.810 | - | - |
Values expressed as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Abbreviations are the same as in Table 1.