Table 2.

Directionality of correlates of short-term change and long-term tracking of sex steroids and gonadotropins in men based on multivariable analyses.

Correlates	Short-term change (over any 2-year period)	Long-term tracking (complete 10-year period)
Age	↓ DHEAS, ↑ FSH, ↑ LH	↓ TT, ↓ DHEAS, ↑ LH
Body Mass Index	↓ TT	↓ TT
Current Smoking		↑ LH
Systolic Blood Pressure	↑ DHEAS	↑ TT, ↑ EST
Antihypertensive Medication		↑ EST
Type 2 Diabetes,		↓ TT
HDL Cholesterol,		↑ DHEAS
Pre-existing Cardiovascular Disease		↓ DHEAS

TT, total testosterone; DHEAS, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone; EST, total estradiol.