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Proposed schematic model for cell cycle regulation and induction of apoptosis in HTR-8 cells infected with P. gingivalis. P. gingivalis invasion leads to activation of ATR. Upon activation, ATR phosphorylates Chk2, resulting in progressive Chk2 activation. Chk2 then phosphorylates and activates p53, inducing p21 and the gene expressing proapoptotic Fas. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 causes Ets1 activation, which in turn activates p16 and p53.
