Fig 5.

VopW is required for T3SS2-dependent protein translocation. (A) Translocated (VopD2) and host (tubulin, calnexin) proteins in membrane and cytosolic fractions from Caco-2 cells infected with the indicated strains of V. parahaemolyticus were detected via immunoblotting. Probing for bacterial RNAP confirms the absence of bacterial contamination in Caco-2 samples. (B) Translocation of CyaA fusion proteins (VopT-CyaA and VopV-CyaA) was assessed via measurement of cAMP levels in Caco-2 cells that had been infected with various strains of V. parahaemolyticus. The error bars indicate the standard deviations for the results of at least triplicate experiments. Asterisks indicate significant differences (P < 0.01) from the results obtained using the parent strain.