Basophil reactivity to IgE-independent stimulation. Blood samples from healthy controls (HC), mild malaria cases (MM), and severe malaria cases (SM) were stimulated for 15 min with A23187 calcium ionophore (1 μg/ml) or hemozoin (HZ). Histograms represent median values calculated as [MFI (stimulated) − MFI (unstimulated)], and error bars are for interquartile ranges. For technical reasons, reactivity to HZ could not be tested in HC. *, significant difference between SM and other groups (P = 0.01; Mann-Whitney test).