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. 2012 Jun 27;32(9):1677–1698. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.88

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Temporal profile of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-1β messenger RNA (mRNA) upregulation after permanent MCAO (pMCAO) in mice. Graphic presentation of the temporal mRNA profile of TNF and IL-1β in the same ischemic hemispheres from mice subjected to pMCAO. Data are presented as relative increases in cytokine mRNA levels compared with unmanipulated controls, and have been obtained from Clausen et al (2005) and Lambertsen et al (2009). Note both increase in cytokine levels in the early phase (<4 to 6 hours) after MCAO, and the different profiles of TNF mRNA and IL-1β mRNA expression through 12 and 24 hours after MCAO. Although, only the TNF mRNA level, but not the IL-1β mRNA level, was significantly elevated compared with unmanipulated control and sham-operated mice in the early phase, cells expressing low levels of IL-1β mRNA were observed to be present the ischemic territory from 2 hours after MCAO (Clausen et al, 2005).