Table 2B. Temporal profile of IL-1β mRNA and protein in experimental stroke.
| Ischemia model | Strain | Method | Time profile and cellular synthesis | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mouse | ||||
| Distal pMCAO (electrocoagulation) | SJL | Real-time RT-PCR | Elevated IL-1β mRNA from 2 to 24 hours. Peak expression at 12 and 24 hours (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 hours, and 5 days) | Clausen et al (2005) |
| In situ | Macrophage-like cells observed in cortical layers I/II from 30 hours. Microglial-like cells in ischemic cortex from 2 to 24 hours. Perivascular aggregates at 24 hours (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 hours, and 5 days) | |||
| Distal pMCAO (electrocoagulation) | BoyJ Chimeric BoyJ | Flow Immuno | Cells observed from 6 to 24 hours. Elevated numbers at 12 hours, peak numbers at 24 hours. Expression in CD11b+CD45+ microglia/macrophages (6, 12, 24 hours) and in control cortex | Clausen et al (2008) |
| Proximal pMCAO (filament) | C57BL/6 | RPA | Elevated IL-1β mRNA from 10 hours. Peak expression at 18 hours (4, 10, 18, and 96 hours) | Hill et al (1999) |
| Proximal tMCAO (2 hours, filament) | C57BL/6 | RPA | Elevated IL-1β mRNA from 10 hours. Peak expression at 10 hours (4, 10, 18, and 96 hours) | Hill et al (1999) |
| Rat | ||||
| Proximal tMCAO (2 hours, suture) | SD | Real-time RT-PCR | Elevated IL-1β mRNA from 3 to 72 hours. Peak expression at 6 and 24 hours (3, 6, 12, 24, and 72 hours) | Berti et al (2002) |
| Distal pMCAO | SHR | Northern blot | Elevated IL-1β mRNA 1 hour–2 days. Peak expression 6 hours (1, 3, 6, 12, 24 hours and 2, 5 days) | Wang et al (1994) |
| Proximal pMCAO (electrocoagulation) | SD | ISH | Cells with microglial-like nuclei observed from 15 minutes. Peak numbers/expression at 3 hours. High numbers of macrophage-like cells in the meninges at 1 hour (0.25, 1, 3, 6, 18 hours, 2, 5 days) | Buttini et al (1994) |
| Proximal pMCAO (electrocoagulation) | SD | Immuno | Macrophage-like cells observed in meninges from 1 to 2 hours. No such cells observed in sham-operated rats. Microglial-like cells in ischemic cortex from 6 hours (0.5, 1, 2, 6, 24, and 48 hours) | Davies et al (1999) |
| Distal pMCAO (occluded and cut) | SHR F-344, WKY | Northern blot | Elevated IL-1β mRNA from 6 hours. Peak expression at 12 hours (1, 6, 12, 24 hours, and 5 days) | Liu et al (1993) |
| Distal pMCAO (occluded and cut) | SHR | Real-time RT-PCR | Elevated IL-1β mRNA from 6 hours. Peak expression at 6 hours (1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours, 2, 5 days) | Wang et al (2000) |
CD, cluster of differentiation; F-344, Fisher-344; flow, flow cytometry; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; immuno, immunohistochemistry; ISH, in situ hybridization; pMCAO, permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion; RPA, RNAse protection assay; RT-PCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; SD, sprague dawley; SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rats; tMCAO, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion; WKY, Wistar-Kyoto.
Time for tMCAO are time point after reperfusion. Time in parenthesis indicate the time points investigated in the study, except the baseline corresponding to the time ‘0', which is not indicated.