Table 3. Effects of glibenclamide in preclinical rat models of stroke.
| MODEL (Tx delay) | Na | Effects observed (all effects listed were statistically significant: 0.001⩽P<0.05) |
|---|---|---|
| Thrombo-embolicb (none) | 7 9/9 | Reduced infarct volume by 53% to 57% at 48 hours and 7 days, respectively Improved laser Doppler flowmetry signals by 51% at 48 hours |
| Thrombo-embolicc (4 and 6 hours) | 9 5/5 | Reduced infarct volume by ∼50% at 48 hours |
| 60-Minute MCAod (7 hours) | 15 15,15,15 | Reduced subcortical (ventral pallidum) necrosis by 55% at 72 hours Reduced neuronal loss by 30% to 40% at 72 hours Reduced pathological calcium deposition by ∼50% at 72 hours |
| 105-Minute MCAoc (1¾ and 5¾ hours) | 11 8/7 | Reduced infarct volume by 41% at 48 hours |
| Permanent MCAoe (none) | 9 8 | Reduced infarct volume by 26% at 48 hours Reduced hemispheric swelling by >50% at 48 hours Improved neuroscores from 6.5 to 4.0, and grip strength from 41 to 61 |
| Permanent MCAoc (4 hours) | 12 14 | Reduced infarct volume by 51% at 48 hours |
| MCEb (none) | 27 27 | Reduced mortality from 65% to 24% at 7 days Reduced excess brain water by 42% at 8 hours |
| MCEf (6 hours) | 21/10 22/10 | Reduced mortality from 67% to 5% at 24 hours Reduced hemispheric swelling from 21% to 8% at 24 hours Better preservation of watershed cortex and white matter, better neuroscores, Garcia scores, and the trajectory of weight gain compared with decompressive craniectomy during 2 weeks after insult |
| MCE+rtPAg (4.5 and 10 hours) | 51 41/25 | Reduced mortality from 53% to 17% or 12% at 48 hours (vehicle versus drug @4.5 or 10 hours) Reduced swelling from 14.7% to 8.1% or 8.8% at 24 hours (same groups) Improved Garcia scores from 3.8 to 7.6 or 8.4 at 48 hours (same groups) |
| MCE+rtPAh (6 hours) | 7/9/22 8/13/20 | Reduced hemispheric swelling from 26% to 12% at 24 hours Reduced scores for hemorrhagic transformation from 2.4 to 0.6 at 24 hours Improved neuroscores from 7 to 3 at 2 weeks |
MCAo, middle cerebral artery occlusion; MCE, malignant cerebral edema; rtPA, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator.
a
N, number of rats per group (upper cell, vehicle control; lower cell, glibenclamide); multiple series separated by ‘/'.