Table 2.
Trials evaluating Chinese herbal medicines.
| Study ID | Sample size | Response rate RR (95% CIs) | Schirmer test MD (95% CIs) (mm/5 min) | Salivary flow rate test MD (95% CIs) (mL/min) | Adverse effects | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHM versus placebo | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Lian 2009 [33] | 19/19 | 4.25 [1.76, 10.29] | NR | |||
| Yu 2010 [24] | 30/31 | 1.03 [0.86, 1.24] | −0.57 [−1.75, 0.60] | NR | ||
|
| ||||||
| CHM versus conventional treatment | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Chen 2006 [52] | 40/20 | 1.65 [1.04, 2.62] | NR | |||
| Feng 2000 [50] | 34/10 | 6.76 [1.04, 44.06] | 151.00 [46.32, 255.68] | NR | ||
| Han 2008 [40] | 38/20 | 1.87 [1.13, 3.10] | 2.98 [1.48, 4.48] | NR | ||
| Hu 2001[55] | 100/50 | 1.31 [1.09, 1.59] | −10.40 [−14.21, −6.59] | NR | ||
| Huang 2009 [34] | 32/28 | 1.23 [1.00, 1.51] | NR | |||
| Li 2010 [23] | 130/110 | 1.24 [1.12, 1.37] | no AE | |||
| Liu 2009 [36] | 30/30 | 1.67 [1.00, 2.76] | NR | |||
| Liu 2005 [56] | 30/30 | 1.05 [0.78, 1.40] | 0.26 [−1.12, 1.64] | −7011.40 [−7013.31, −7009.49] | C: 12 with central obesity, 2 with increased fasting blood glucose level, 1 with insomnia, 1 with hypertension, 1 with secondary fungus infection | |
| Lu 2009 [32] | 30/28 | 1.37 [0.98, 1.92] | 2.12 [0.75, 3.49] | 2.80 [1.94, 3.66] | T: 1 with diarrhea; C: 1 with blurred vision, 1 with pruritus | |
| Lv 2008 [39] | 74/50 | 1.35 [1.13, 1.61] | C: 2 with diarrhea | |||
| Mao 2007 [45] | 20/20 | 1.38 [0.97, 1.97] | 2.12 [0.75, 3.49] | −0.34 [−1.01, 0.33] | NR | |
| Qian 2003 [58] | 55/17 | 8.04 [2.18, 29.59] | 2.12 [0.75, 3.49] | −6.05 [−8.42, −3.68] | NR | |
| Wang 2000 [63] | 30/10 | 2.42 [1.13, 5.18] | NR | |||
| Xie 2010 [21] | 30/30 | 1.27 [1.01, 1.61] | NR | |||
| Xuan 2010 [19] | 30/30 | 1.80 [1.23, 2.62] | NR | |||
| Yin 2010 [14] | 20/20 | 0.94 [0.71, 1.25] | 0.05 [−1.15, 1.25] | no AE | ||
| Zhao 2003 [57] | 30/30 | 1.50 [1.03, 2.19] | gastrointestinal reactions: 10% versus 40% (P = 0.01); C: 3 with leucopenia, 2 with rashes | |||
| Zhou 2006 [47] | 30/30 | 1.09 [0.84, 1.40] | 2.33 [1.79, 2.87] | 0.40 [−0.25, 1.05] | NR | |
| Wang 2010 [65] | 30/27 | 1.66 [1.08, 2.56] | NR | |||
|
| ||||||
| CHM plus conventional treatment versus conventional treatment | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Feng 2008 [38] | 42/36 | 1.29 [0.91, 1.82] | 1.25 [0.57, 1.93] | −7.12 [−10.61, −3.63] | T: diarrhea (11.9%), 1 withdrawal with severe diarrhea; C: 2 withdrawal with increased ALT level and hypoplasia respectively, rashes (5.6%) | |
| Gao 2009 [35] | 63/63 | 1.63 [1.24, 2.13] | NR | |||
| He 2010 [20] | 26/22 | 1.79 [1.03, 3.11] | 3.24 [1.94, 4.54] | −5.36 [−8.74, −1.98] | Blurred vision, abdominal discomfort, stomachache, bowel movement frequency: 11.5% versus 9.1% | |
| Hu 2010 [18] | 33/31 | 1.36 [1.02, 1.82] | T: 1 with abdominal pain and diarrhea; control group: 1 with nausea | |||
| Huang 2010 [17] | 32/29 | 1.31 [1.00, 1.72] | 1.46 [0.33, 2.59] | C: 3 with abdominal discomfort, diarrhea; 1 with increased ALT level | ||
| Li 2003 [59] | 40/20 | 1.30 [0.54, 3.14] | 135.70 [50.56, 220.84] | no AE | ||
| Li 2007 [46] | 36/32 | 1.24 [0.97, 1.58] | 2.26 [1.11, 3.41] | 0.21 [0.18, 0.24] | T: 1 with edema; C: 1 with rashes, 2 with nausea | |
| Li 2010 [16] | 130/110 | 1.24 [1.12, 1.37] | NR | |||
| Liu 2010 [15] | 67/65 | 1.09 [0.97, 1.24] | C: 2 with nausea, vomiting | |||
| Mao 2009 [31] | 50/50 | 1.43 [1.11, 1.84] | NR | |||
| Niu 2006 [51] | 20/20 | 1.31 [0.90, 1.89] | thrombocytopenia: 15% versus 35% (P = 0.15) | |||
| Shen 2002 [61] | 30/30 | 1.69 [1.18, 2.41] | 4.01 [3.06, 4.96] | 0.25 [0.21, 0.29] | T: 1 with swelling parotid gland and increased ESR; C: 1 with distal renal tubular acidosis | |
| Shen 2006 [49] | 30/30 | 3.69 [2.76, 4.62] | 0.23 [0.18, 0.28] | no AE | ||
| Shen 2007 [44] | 10/10 | 1.91 [1.04, 3.50] | edema: 10% versus 40% (P = 0.15); hypertension: 10% with 30% (P = 0.28) | |||
| Su 2009 [30] | 30/30 | 1.86 [1.24, 2.79] | 0.85 [0.13, 1.57] | −5.73 [−9.45, −2.01] | NR | |
| Sun 2007 [43] | 74/50 | 1.35 [1.12, 1.63] | 35.50 [−19.76, 90.76] | NR | ||
| Wan 2009 [29] | 30/30 | 1.75 [1.24, 2.48] | NR | |||
| Wang 2009 [28] | 30/30 | −0.14 [−0.97, 0.69] | NR | |||
| Wang 2009 [27] | 25/25 | 1.47 [1.03, 2.08] | NR | |||
| Wu 2007 [41] | 22/20 | 1.44 [0.97, 2.14] | NR | |||
| Wu 2002 [60] | 30/10 | 2.00 [0.92, 4.36] | 2.40 [1.79, 3.01] | 199.00 [107.42, 290.58] | NR | |
| Yan 2007(50) | 30/26 | 1.41 [1.01, 1.97] | NR | |||
| Yang 2009 [26] | 85/83 | 1.36 [1.14, 1.62] | NR | |||
| Zhang 2009 [25] | 49/46 | 1.19 [1.02, 1.39] | 3.26 [2.28, 4.24] | 435.46 [371.98, 498.94] | C: 2 with hepatic dysfunction, 1 with increased fasting blood glucose level, 1 with central obesity | |
| Zhang 2011 [12] | 29/28 | 1.51 [1.06, 2.15] | 1.70 [0.82, 2.58] | 0.80 [0.07, 1.53] | C: 1 with mild hepatic dysfunction | |
| Zheng 2010 [13] | 30/30 | 1.09 [0.84, 1.40] | 3.71 [1.88, 5.54] | 1.47 [1.18, 1.76] | T: 1 with nausea, 3 with stomachache; C: 2 with stomachache, 2 with diarrhea, 2 with increased ALT level, 1 with leucopenia; (P = 0.04) | |
| Zhong 2008 [37] | 128/128 | 1.17 [1.07, 1.29] | C: 1 with increased blood glucose level, 2 with hyperlipoidemia, 1 with hepatic and renal dysfunction | |||
| Zhou 2006 [48] | 22/23 | 1.39 [1.01, 1.93] | T: 2 with abdominal swelling; C: 4 with obesity, 4 with stomachache, 2 with hypertension, 4 with insomnia | |||
|
| ||||||
| CHM plus acupuncture/acupressure versus conventional treatment | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Yang 2005 [53] | 42/42 | 2.98 [2.01, 3.95] | 2.39 [1.17, 3.61] | NR | ||
| Zhou 1997 [64] | 34/16 | 1.96 [1.01, 3.81] | NR | |||
| Si 2005 [54] | 38/25 | 1.15 [0.93, 1.43] | NR | |||
Note. C: control group; T: treatment group; NR: not reported; AE: adverse effects.