Table 2.

Example diseases in which contact-based, spillover, and environmental transmission may operate and where movement restrictions are either a disease mitigation strategy or a mechanism augmenting regional extinction risk

Disease (etiological agent)	Focal host species, with direct transmission	Reservoir species	Environmental source
Scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei)	Gorillas (Kalema-Zikusoka et al. 2002)	Humans (Kalema-Zikusoka et al. 2002)	Human objects (Kalema-Zikusoka et al. 2002)
Canine distemper (canine distemper virus)	African wild dogs (Roelke-Parker et al. 1996)	Domestic dogs (van de Bildt et al. 2002)	Animal waste (van de Bildt et al. 2002)
Avian conjunctivitis (Mycoplasma gallisepticum)	Passerine birds esp. finches (Saif 2003)	Domestic poultry (Luttrell et al. 2001)	Fomites (bird feeders) (Dhondt et al. 2007)
Canine parvovirus disease (canine parvovirus)	Gray wolf (Mech et al. 2008)	Domestic dogs (Peterson et al. 1998)	Feces (Ikeda et al. 2002)
Bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis)	Cattle spp. (Francis 1971)	Badgers, Possums (Williams and Barker 2001)	Animal waste (Biet et al. 2005)