Table 3.

Hierarchical Multivariate Models Examining the Relationship between Pulse Wave Velocity and Middle Tibia Cortical Cross-Sectional Area in Women

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4		Model 5
Covariates	Std B	P	Std B	P	Std B	P	Std B	P	B	Std B	P
Age	0.29	<0.0001	0.28	<0.0001	0.29	<0.0001	0.27	<0.001	0.03	0.24	0.002
MAP	0.11	0.04	0.11	0.04	0.08	0.13	0.08	0.13	0.01	0.08	0.13
Obesity	−0.03	0.61	−0.03	0.64	−0.04	0.57	−0.03	0.54	−0.14	−0.03	0.60
Menopause status	0.16	0.001	0.16	0.002	0.17	0.002	0.17	0.001	0.13	0.16	0.002
eGFR	…	…	−0.04	0.43	−0.04	0.44	−0.04	0.46	−0.004	−0.04	0.45
cCa	…	…	−0.03	0.46	−0.03	0.52	−0.03	0.51	−0.18	−0.03	0.47
Thiazide-type diuretics use	…	…	…	…	0.0006	0.99	0.002	0.97	0.01	0.002	0.97
Antihypertensives	…	…	…	…	0.08	0.25	0.08	0.26	0.31	0.08	0.28
Hormone Replacement Therapy	…	…	…	…	−0.14	0.006	−0.14	0.007	−0.57	−0.13	0.01
Vitamin D	…	…	…	…	0.07	0.19	0.07	0.19	0.49	0.07	0.19
Calcium	…	…	…	…	−0.007	0.88	−0.007	0.89	−0.04	−0.007	0.89
Vitamin D plus Calcium	…	…	…	…	−0.08	0.10	−0.09	0.10	−0.39	−0.09	0.09
Alcohol intake	…	…	…	…	…		−0.02	0.72	−0.09	−0.02	0.68
Physical activity level	…	…	…	…	…		−0.04	0.45	−0.001	−0.05	0.41
Total estradiol	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	−0.05	−0.04	0.52
cCSA	−0.15	0.02	−0.15	0.02	−0.14	0.03	−0.14	0.05	−0.007	−0.14	0.04

For each Model, standardized β-coefficient (Std B) and P values are given. For Model 5, unstandardized β-coefficient (B), standardized β-coefficient (Std B) and P values are given.