Table 2.
Mean and standard deviations for items
The stem question for perceived subordination items was ‘How much do you agree with these statements?’ Responses were: 1 = completely disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = slightly disagree, 4 = indifferent, 5 = slightly agree, 6 = agree and 7 = completely agree. The stem question for self-efficacy items was ‘How confident you are in doing the following things on a scale from 1 to 7?’ with 1 = not confident at all, 2 = not confident, 3 = slightly not confident, 4 = so-so, 5 = slightly confident, 6 = confident and 7 = absolutely confident
| Items | Mean | s.d. | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Perceived subordination | |||
| Q1 | The female is the ‘weaker gender’. | 3.41 | 0.051 |
| Q2 | Housework is the duty of women. | 3.00 | 0.051 |
| Q3 | A wife should always make concessions to her husband in order to maintain a harmonious relationship in the family. | 3.05 | 0.047 |
| Q4 | Valuable property in the household (e.g. house, land, motorbike) should be in the man’s name. | 2.29 | 0.042 |
| Q5 | A woman must be meek and obedient. | 4.07 | 0.053 |
| Q6 | Men should have extensive relationships, including with people of the opposite sex, but women should not. | 1.88 | 0.034 |
| Q7 | It is more appropriate for men than for women to participate in leadership positions in governmental or policy- making structures. | 2.92 | 0.048 |
| Q8 | Men should have the final say on important things in a family. | 3.30 | 0.053 |
| Q9 | It is almost impossible for a non-virgin woman to get married (including a first-time marriage or remarriage). | 3.33 | 0.056 |
| Q10 | It is better to let the man be the head (trụ cột) of the family. | 4.72 | 0.052 |
| Sexual communication self-efficacy | |||
| Q11 | I can easily initiate and conduct a conversation about safer sex with my boyfriend. | 4.55 | 1.90 |
| Q12 | If I don’t want to have sex before marriage, I can tell my boyfriend about my personal limit even if he has not asked for sex yet. | 6.03 | 1.13 |
| Q13 | If my boyfriend wants to have sex but I don’t want to, I can easily refuse without it breaking up our relationship. | 6.12 | 1.18 |
| Q14 | I can ask my boyfriend to use a condom if I want him to do so. | 5.96 | 1.38 |
| Q15 | I can start a conversation about using a contraceptive with my boyfriend before we have sex for the first time. | 5.67 | 1.59 |