Fig. 2.

A proposed common pathway by which somatic IDH mutations (red) and damaging mtDNA mutations (red; affecting complexes I, III, IV, and V of the electron transport chain) lead to metabolic deregulation, altering the relative amounts of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis (magenta) in early tumorigenesis. Nonsynonymous mtDNA mutations were identified in NADH-dehydrogenase (ND; complex I), cytochrome b (Cyt b; complex III), cytochrome c oxidase (COI; complex IV) and ATP synthase (ATP synth; complex V).