TABLE 3.

Bile acid concentrations in the human, rat, and mouse serum samples

Bile Acid	Human Serum	Rat Serum	Mouse Serum
CA	440 ± 651	12,000 ± 5,600	1,240 ± 450
αMCA	<LODa	2,800 ± 1,300	142 ± 95
βMCA	<LOD	2,600 ± 2,700	1,080 ± 550
ωMCA	<LOD	1,360 ± 700	1,450 ± 970
HCA	24 ± 19	78 ± 31	15 ± 12
CDCA	380 ± 410	1,700 ± 600	42 ± 23
DCA	320 ± 120	420 ± 250	390 ± 220
UDCA	43 ± 27	200 ± 120	74 ± 45
HDCA	<LLOQb	230 ± 130	58 ± 31
MuroCA	<LOD	45 ± 20	45 ± 21
LCA	<LOD	54 ± 33	22 ± 11
DHCA	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD
GCA	85 ± 55	730 ± 500	3.5 ± 0.5
GHCA	6.8 ± 3.3	0.13 ± 0.35	<LOD
GCDCA	450 ± 210	74 ± 33	0.08 ± 0.20
GDCA	104 ± 44	48 ± 27	<LOD
GUDCA	76 ± 40	4.1 ± 1.9	<LOD
GHDCA	2.1 ± 3.4	8.1 ± 4.0	<LOD
GLCA	17 ± 20	2.3 ± 1.5	0.42 ± 0.49
GDHCA	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD
TCA	14 ± 12	660 ± 390	260 ± 110
TαMCA	2.9 ± 2.7	150 ± 210	102 ± 46
TβMCA	<LOD	160 ± 170	230 ± 140
TωMCA	<LLOQ	18 ± 11	290 ± 170
THCA	1.3 ± 1.1	1.44 ± 0.62	2.8 ± 2.7
TCDCA	69 ± 56	118 ± 73	12.3 ± 7.0
TDCA	21 ± 18	40 ± 21	55 ± 23
TUDCA	2.7 ± 2.7	6.9 ± 5.3	17 ± 12
THDCA	<LOD	16.1 ± 6.3	18.8 ± 7.7
TLCA	0.33 ± 0.52	2.5 ± 1.4	0.33 ± 0.61
TDHCA	<LOD	<LOD	<LOD
Nonconjugated	1,200 ± 1,100	22,000 ± 11,000	4,600 ± 2,300
Glycine-conjugated	740 ± 310	870 ± 550	4.08 ± 0.80
Taurine-conjugated	110 ± 88	1,480 ± 760	990 ± 500
Total	2,100 ± 1,100	24,000 ± 11,000	5,500 ± 2,800

The results are expressed in nM as mean ± SD (n = 8).

^aUnder the limit of detection.

^bUnder the limit of quantification.