Table 5.
Extrinsic risk factors.
| Author | Study Design | No. | No. of Injured Cases | Significant Risk Factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lambson14 | Prospective cohort | 3119 athletes | 42 | Cleats with higher torsional resistance (edge design) |
| Orchard22 | Prospective cohort | 2280 matches | 59 | High evaporation, low rainfall before match |
| Orchard21 | Prospective cohort | 1643 athletes | 63 | High evaporation, low rainfall before match |
| Orchard24 | Prospective cohort | 5910 games | 252 | Hot weather in open stadiums |
| Orchard23 | Prospective cohort | 3635 matches | 88 | Bermuda grass fields (more “trapping” of the cleat) |
| Olsen20 | Prospective cohort | 6724 matches | 53 | Synthetic floors for females |