Table 2.
Time-specific physiologic outcomes, and within- and between- treatment group mean differences over time (i.e., baseline-3 months and baseline-6 months) in ENHANCE Study participants
| Physiologic Outcome | Time-specific outcomes | Within and between treatment group differences over time | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Within group change from baselinec | Between group change from baselined | ||||||||||||||
| Technology Supported Behavioral Intervention (n=131a) | Attention Control (n=132a) | p-valueb | Time Interval | Technology Supported Behavioral Intervention (n=131a) | Attention Control (n=132a) | DiffINT-DiffControl | |||||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | DiffINT | SD | DiffControl | SD | Mean | 95% CI | p-value | |||||
| A1c (%) | Baseline | 7.7 | 2.2 | 7.5 | 1.7 | 0.49 | |||||||||
| 3m | 7.1 | 1.5 | 7.2 | 1.5 | 0.94 | Base-3m | 0.5*** | 1.5 | 0.3*** | 0.9 | 0.2 | -0.1 | 0.5 | 0.26 | |
| 6m | 7.1 | 1.3 | 7.3 | 1.6 | 0.31 | Base-6m | 0.6*** | 1.8 | 0.2* | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.01 | 0.8 | 0.046 | |
| Fasting Serum Glucose (mg/dl) | Baseline | 145.3 | 58.1 | 143.1 | 58.1 | 0.78 | |||||||||
| 3m | 131.4 | 47.9 | 136.2 | 49.7 | 0.43 | Base-3m | 14.7** | 52.7 | 6.4 | 46.4 | 8.3 | -4.2 | 20.7 | 0.20 | |
| 6m | 132.6 | 49.1 | 135.2 | 52.1 | 0.69 | Base-6m | 13.2* | 61.0 | 8.0* | 44.9 | 5.2 | -8.7 | 19.0 | 0.46 | |
| Fasting LDL (mg/dl) | Baseline | 107.4 | 40.7 | 108.6 | 34.3 | 0.81 | |||||||||
| 3m | 104.2 | 37.4 | 108.5 | 37.1 | 0.37 | Base-3m | 5.0 | 33.9 | -0.03 | 28.8 | 5.0 | -3.3 | 13.3 | 0.23 | |
| 6m | 102.1 | 32.1 | 106.7 | 37.4 | 0.34 | Base-6m | 3.5 | 27.1 | 0.4 | 30.5 | 3.0 | -4.7 | 10.8 | 0.44 | |
| Fasting HDL (mg/dl) | Baseline | 49.0 | 15.4 | 46.1 | 13.5 | 0.11 | |||||||||
| 3m | 48.2 | 15.0 | 46.8 | 13.5 | 0.43 | Base-3m | 0.8 | 7.7 | -0.4 | 9.4 | 1.3 | -0.9 | 3.4 | 0.26 | |
| 6m | 50.0 | 15.4 | 46.6 | 13.8 | 0.08 | Base-6m | -1.1 | 9.2 | -0.3 | 9.1 | -0.7 | -3.0 | 1.6 | 0.54 | |
| Fasting Triglycerides (mg/dl) | Baseline | 155.0 | 111.6 | 153.7 | 91.7 | 0.92 | |||||||||
| 3m | 142.7 | 81.9 | 149.5 | 79.7 | 0.50 | Base-3m | 14.9* | 83.7 | 1.7 | 60.7 | 13.2 | -4.8 | 31.2 | 0.15 | |
| 6m | 143.7 | 101.8 | 149.4 | 89.5 | 0.64 | Base-6m | 6.3 | 78.8 | 4.4 | 69.2 | 2.0 | -16.9 | 20.8 | 0.84 | |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | Baseline | 135.2 | 18.7 | 138.7 | 18.9 | 0.14 | |||||||||
| 3m | 133.2 | 20.9 | 136.0 | 19.1 | 0.26 | Base-3m | 2.1 | 17.0 | 3.2+ | 18.7 | -1.2 | -5.5 | 3.2 | 0.60 | |
| 6m | 134.2 | 19.0 | 136.8 | 20.1 | 0.29 | Base-6m | 0.8 | 19.9 | 2.4 | 21.7 | -1.7 | -7.0 | 3.7 | 0.54 | |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | Baseline | 75.6 | 9.8 | 75.8 | 10.0 | 0.83 | |||||||||
| 3m | 73.4 | 9.8 | 74.1 | 9.7 | 0.55 | Base-3m | 2.1** | 8.6 | 1.5 | 10.1 | 0.7 | -1.6 | 2.9 | 0.56 | |
| 6m | 74.0 | 10.1 | 74.5 | 10.6 | 0.73 | Base-6m | 1.2 | 10.8 | 1.2 | 10.9 | -0.004 | -2.8 | 2.8 | 0.99 | |
| Weight (kg) | Baseline | 95.1 | 21.7 | 98.3 | 21.5 | 0.24 | |||||||||
| 3m | 93.7 | 20.4 | 97.7 | 21.6 | 0.12 | Base-3m | 0.9** | 3.4 | 0.7** | 2.7 | 0.2 | -0.5 | 1.0 | 0.54 | |
| 6m | 94.3 | 22.7 | 97.3 | 21.3 | 0.26 | Base-6m | 0.6 | 4.6 | 0.8* | 3.8 | -0.1 | -1.2 | 0.9 | 0.78 | |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | Baseline | 34.0 | 7.3 | 35.1 | 7.7 | 0.21 | |||||||||
| 3m | 33.4 | 6.7 | 34.9 | 7.7 | 0.11 | Base-3m | 0.3** | 1.2 | 0.3** | 1.0 | 0.1 | -0.2 | 0.3 | 0.61 | |
| 6m | 33.5 | 7.6 | 34.8 | 7.5 | 0.21 | Base-6m | 0.2 | 1.5 | 0.3* | 1.4 | -0.1 | -0.4 | 0.3 | 0.73 | |
| Waist Circumference (in) | Baseline | 43.6 | 5.8 | 44.8 | 6.9 | 0.12 | |||||||||
| 3m | 43.3 | 5.7 | 44.4 | 7.6 | 0.20 | Base-3m | 0.2 | 2.7 | 0.04 | 2.8 | 0.2 | -0.5 | 0.9 | 0.62 | |
| 6m | 42.9 | 5.8 | 44.3 | 6.1 | 0.07 | Base-6m | 0.5 | 2.8 | 0.5 | 3.3 | -0.03 | -0.8 | 0.8 | 0.94 | |
p=0.05
p<0.05
p<0.01
p<0.001
Assessments at 3 months are missing for 3 Technology Supported Behavioral Intervention and 4 Attention Control Group participants; Assessments at 6 months are missing for 11 Technology Supported Behavioral Intervention and 6 Attention Control Group participants. Other intermittent missing data are rare, except for 8.4% missing waist circumference in the Technology Supported Behavioral Intervention.
Two sample t-tests with bootstrap standard errors
One sample t-tests of difference scores with bootstrap standard errors
Two sample t-tests of difference scores with bootstrap standard errors