Figure 8. Proposed mechanisms.

Schematic summary of mitochondria complex I-independent and dependent pathways affected by chronic exposure to rotenone; supported by our results and known cellular effects of rotenone-induced MT depolymerization. Complex I-dependent or independent effects are listed in boxes shaded in green or gray color, respectively. Cellular processes or components, and genes expression affected by rotenone in our study are listed in boxes shaded in blue color. Upward (↑) and downward (↓) arrows indicate up and downregulation, respectively. Detailed descriptions and interpretations on gene and pathway changes can be found in the results and discussion.