Table 1.
Characteristics and prevalence of any and multiple cervical HPV infection among women engaged in sex work participating in the Young Women’s Health Study in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| Characteristic |
Prevalence of characteristic |
Prevalence of any HPV infection |
Prevalence of multiple HPV (≥2 genotypes) infection |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | OR (95% CI) | N (%) | OR (95% CI) | |
|
Overall |
220 |
90 (41.1) |
|
37 (16.8) |
|
|
Sociodemographics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Age (years): Median 26; IQR (22, 28) |
|
1.00 (0.93-1.08)† |
|
|
1.04 (0.94-1.15) † |
| 16-18 |
14 (6.4) |
5 (35.7) |
1.0 |
1 (7.1) |
1.0 |
| 19-24 |
71 (32.4) |
29 (40.9) |
1.20 (0.36-3.95) |
11 (15.5) |
2.38 (0.28-20.11) |
| 25-29 |
134 (42.8) |
56 (41.8) |
1.31 (0.42-4.13) |
25 (18.5) |
2.95 (0.37-23.64) |
|
Education (years): Median 4; IQR (1, 6) |
|
0.93 (0.85-1.02) † |
|
|
0.93 (0.82-1.05) |
| None |
49 (22.4) |
23 (46.9) |
1.0 |
12 (24.0) |
1.0 |
| Primary (1–6 years) |
124 (56.6) |
54 (43.6) |
0.85 (0.44-1.67) |
20 (16.0) |
0.60 (0.27-1.35) |
| Secondary (7+ years) |
46 (21.1) |
13 (28.3) |
0.46 (0.20-1.08) |
5 (11.1) |
0.40 (0.13-1.23) |
|
Marital status |
|
|
|
|
|
| Never married |
44 (20.1) |
22 (50.0) |
1.0 |
8 (17.8) |
1.0 |
| Married-living together |
84 (38.4) |
36 (35.2) |
0.75 (0.36-1.56) |
18 (21.4) |
1.26 (0.50-3.18) |
| Widowed/Divorced/Separated |
91 (41.6) |
32 (42.9) |
0.54 (0.26-1.13) |
11 (12.1) |
0.64 (0.24-1.71) |
|
Number of child: Median 1; IQR (0, 1) |
|
0.80 (0.59-1.09) † |
|
|
1.08 (0.74-1.58) † |
| 0 |
89 (40.6) |
43 (48.3) |
1.0 |
16 (17.8) |
1.0 |
| 1 |
78 (35.6) |
28 (35.9) |
0.60 (0.32-1.15) |
11 (14.1) |
0.76 (0.33-1.75) |
| More than 2 |
52 (23.7) |
19 (36.5) |
0.54 (0.26-1.13) |
10 (19.2) |
1.10 (0.46-2.64) |
|
Type of sex venue (last 30 days) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Entertainment |
149 (68.0) |
49 (32.9) |
1.0 |
13 (8.7) |
1.0 |
| Freelances/brothels |
70 (32.0) |
41 (58.6) |
2.89 (1.61-5.18)** |
24 (33.8) |
5.34 (2.52-11.33)** |
|
Drug and alcohol use |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ATS use (last 3 months) |
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
160 (72.7) |
53 (33.1) |
1.0 |
18 (11.3) |
1.0 |
| Yes |
60 (27.3) |
37 (62.7) |
3.40 (1.82-6.32)** |
19 (31.7) |
3.66 (1.76-7.60)** |
|
Binge of drugs (last 3 months) |
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
179 (81.7) |
65 (36.3) |
1.0 |
22 (12.3) |
1.0 |
| Yes |
40 (18.3) |
25 (62.5) |
2.93 (1.44-5.94)** |
15 (36.6) |
4.12 (1.89-8.95)** |
|
Number of days of drinking alcohol (last month): |
|
0.98 (0.95-0.99) †* |
|
|
0.97 (0.94-0.99) †* |
| 0 – 4 |
57 (26.5) |
32 (56.1) |
1.0 |
16 (27.6) |
1.0 |
| 5 – 19 |
57 (25.9) |
20 (35.1) |
0.40 (0.19-0.86) †* |
8 (14.3) |
0.44 (0.17-1.12) |
| > 20 |
105 (47.7) |
38 (36.2) |
0.45 (0.24-0.88) †* |
13 (12.3) |
0.37 (0.16-0.83)* |
|
Number of days drunk (last month): |
|
0.99 (0.95-1.03) |
|
|
0.98 (0.93-1.03) |
| 0 – 4 |
123 (56.2) |
57 (46.3) |
1.0 |
27 (21.8) |
1.0 |
| 5 – 19 |
72 (32.9) |
22 (30.6) |
0.51 (0.28-0.94) †* |
6 (8.3) |
0.33 (0.13-0.83)* |
| > 20 |
24 (11.0) |
11 (45.8) |
0.98 (0.41-2.36) |
4 (16.7) |
0.72 (0.23-2.28) |
|
Sexual behaviors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Age at first sexual intercourse |
|
|
|
|
|
| ≤ 15 |
37 (16.9) |
19 (51.4) |
1.0 |
8 (21.6) |
1.0 |
| > 15 |
180 (82.2) |
70 (38.9) |
1.00 (0.97-1.04) |
28 (15.5) |
1.02 (0.99-1.05) |
|
Number of sexual partners (last month): |
|
1.06 (1.03-1.09) †** |
|
|
1.06 (1.03-1.09) †** |
| ≤5 |
99 (45.2) |
31 (31.3) |
1.0 |
9 (9.1) |
1.0 |
| 6 – 15 |
71 (32.4) |
27 (38.0) |
1.35 (0.71-2.55) |
8 (11.3) |
1.27 (0.46-3.47) |
| ≥ 16 |
49 (22.4) |
32 (65.3) |
4.13 (2.00-8.53)** |
20 (40.0) |
6.67 (2.74-16.21)** |
|
Number of new partners (last month): |
|
1.09 (1.04-1.14) †** |
|
|
|
| 0 |
43 (19.6) |
16 (37.2) |
1.0 |
4 (9.3) |
1.0 |
| 1-5 |
120 (54.8) |
40 (33.3) |
0.85 (0.41-1.74) |
18 (14.8) |
1.70 (0.54-5.35) |
| >6 |
56 (25.6) |
34 (60.1) |
2.61 (1.15-5.91)* |
25 (26.8) |
3.57 (1.09-11.69)* |
|
Condom use with last paying partner |
|
|
|
|
|
| Consistent (always) |
197 (90.8) |
83 (42.1) |
1.0 |
33 (16.7) |
1.0 |
| Inconsistent |
20 (9.2) |
6 (30.0) |
0.59 (0.22-1.60) |
3 (15.0) |
0.88 (0.24-3.18) |
|
Condom use with last non- paying partner |
|
|
|
|
|
| Consistent (always) |
18 (16.8) |
7 (38.9) |
1.0 |
2 (11.1) |
1.0 |
| Inconsistent |
89 (83.2) |
34 (38.2) |
0.97 (0.34-2.75) |
12 (13.5) |
1.25 (0.25-6.12) |
|
HIV and STI infections |
|
|
|
|
|
|
HIV result |
|
|
|
|
|
| Negative |
186 (84.9) |
64 (34.4) |
1.0 |
22 (11.8) |
1.0 |
| Positive |
33 (15.1) |
26 (78.8) |
7.08 (2.91-17.20)** |
15 (44.1) |
5.89 (2.62-13.23)** |
|
Previously diagnosed STI |
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
91 (41.7) |
29 (31.9) |
1.0 |
12 (13.2) |
1.60 (0.76-3.38) |
| Yes | 127 (58.3) | 61 (48.) | 1.98 (1.13-3.47)* | 25 (19.5) | |
† = variable use as continuous * = p ≤ 0.05 ** = p ≤ 0.01.