Table 4.

Simultaneous Moderator Regression Analyses

DV	IV	Beta	95% Confidence Interval		B	SE	p	K	N	QB(df)	QW(df)
			Lower Limit	Upper Limit
Inhibition:
Stroop Interference	Severity	0.20	-0.47	0.86	0.057	0.098	.6	17	1482	0.70 (3)	12.2 (13)
	Age	0.12	-0.58	0.82	0.003	0.008	.7
	Medication	0.18	-0.44	0.81	0.001	0.002	.6
Inhibition Comp.	Severity	0.32	0.01	0.64	0.100	0.050	.045*	43	3260	6.11 (3)	38.69 (39)
	Age	0.08	-0.22	0.37	0.002	0.004	.6
	Medication	0.32	0.01	0.64	0.003	0.002	.046*
Shifting:
WCST	Severity	0.40	-0.03	0.83	0.156	0.086	.069#	23	1943	3.36 (3)	20.91 (19)
	Age	-0.01	-0.41	0.39	0.000	0.005	.9
	Medication	0.18	-0.25	0.62	0.002	0.002	.4
TMT-B	Severity	0.27	-0.10	0.63	0.100	0.069	.2	27	2787	8.69 (3)	23.46 (23)
	Age	0.33	-0.02	0.68	0.010	0.005	.066#
TMT-A (Comparison Condition)	Medication	0.36	0.00	0.72	0.004	0.002	.048*
	Severity	0.09	-0.36	0.54	0.030	0.076	.7	22	2756	1.69 (3)	18.80 (18)
	Age	0.02	-0.42	0.46	0.001	0.007	.9
	Medication	0.29	-0.15	0.74	0.003	0.002	.2
Shifting Comp.	Severity	0.29	0.04	0.55	0.089	0.040	.025*	55	5116	6.71 (3)	54.44 (51)
	Age	0.11	-0.14	0.36	0.003	0.003	.4
	Medication	0.18	-0.08	0.43	0.001	0.001	.2
Verbal Working Memory:
Forward Digit Span	Severity	-0.01	-0.43	0.41	-0.003	0.063	.9	22	1782	5.34 (3)	17.33 (18)
	Age	-0.06	-0.48	0.36	-0.002	0.006	.8
	Medication	0.49	0.07	0.91	0.004	0.002	.022*
Backward Digit Span	Severity	0.43	-0.00	0.87	0.155	0.079	.051#	17	1662	7.63 (3)	14.42 (13)
	Age	-0.29	-0.76	0.17	-0.011	0.009	.2
	Medication	0.40	-0.06	0.86	0.004	0.003	.086#
Maintenance Comp.	Severity	0.14	-0.23	0.51	0.038	0.052	.5	26	2055	7.85 (3)	21.37 (22)
	Age	0.14	-0.23	0.51	0.003	0.004	.5
	Medication	0.53	0.16	0.90	0.004	0.001	.005*
Manipulation Comp.	Severity	0.43	0.04	0.82	0.136	0.063	.031*	20	2080	9.04 (3)	17.27 (16)
	Age	-0.11	-0.50	0.28	-0.003	0.005	.6
	Medication	0.29	-0.10	0.68	0.003	0.002	.139
Verbal WM Comp.a	Severity	0.32	0.00	0.63	0.080	0.041	.049*	30	2840	17.05 (4)	24.93 (25)
	Age	0.02	-0.29	0.34	0.000	0.003	.9
	Medication	0.55	0.21	0.89	0.004	0.001	.001*
	Task	0.10	-0.23	0.43	0.043	0.074	.6
Visuospatial Working Memory:
Visuospatial WM Comp.	Severity	0.30	-0.15	0.75	0.095	0.073	.2	17	1455	7.64 (3)	12.41 (13)
	Age	-0.03	-0.49	0.43	-0.001	0.006	.9
	Medication	0.50	0.04	0.96	0.005	0.002	.035*
Verbal Fluency:
Semantic VF	Severity	0.72	0.32	1.12	0.408	0.116	<.001*	17	1643	13.97 (3)	13.95 (15)
	Age	0.00	-0.40	0.39	0.000	0.007	.9
	Medication	0.22	-0.16	0.60	0.003	0.003	.3
Phonemic VF	Severity	0.66	0.28	1.03	0.194	0.057	.001*	29	2850	11.85 (3)	24.79 (25)
	Age	0.16	-0.19	0.50	0.003	0.004	.4
	Medication	0.32	-0.04	0.67	0.002	0.001	.085#
VF Comp.b	Severity	0.58	0.24	0.91	0.203	0.060	.001*	34	3466	15.61 (3)	29.73(29)
	Age	0.07	-0.23	0.37	0.002	0.004	.7
	Medication	0.28	-0.05	0.62	0.003	0.002	.099#
	Task	0.13	-0.19	0.44	0.073	0.094	.4
Comparison Measures:
Psychomotor Speed Comp.	Severity	0.48	0.03	0.92	0.209	0.101	.038*	18	1743	7.21 (3)	13.61 (14)
	Age	0.44	-0.02	0.90	0.013	0.007	.060#
	Medication	0.17	-0.28	0.62	0.002	0.003	.5
Digit-Symbol Substitution	Severity	0.32	-0.17	0.80	0.171	0.134	.2	18	1944	9.84 (3)	14.65 (14)
	Age	0.28	-0.20	0.75	0.011	0.010	.3
	Medication	0.40	-0.01	0.82	0.006	0.003	.056#
Vocabulary	Severity	0.45	0.13	0.76	0.098	0.035	.006*	30	2175	19.18 (3)	23.25 (26)
	Age	0.55	0.22	0.88	0.013	0.004	.001*
	Medication	-0.20	-0.54	0.15	-0.001	0.001	.3

Note. Comp. = composite score; WCST= Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; TMT-B = Trail Making Test part B; TMT-A = Trail Making Test part A; WM = working memory; VF = verbal fluency; IV = independent variable; DV = dependent variable; d = weighted mean effect size; K = number of studies; N = number of participants; Q_w = residual heterogeneity; Q_B= heterogeneity accounted for by moderators.

^aAnalysis controlling for task (maintenance, manipulation or both), because of significant differences between verbal working memory maintenance and manipulation effect sizes.

^bAnalysis controlling for task (semantic, phonemic or both), because of significant differences between semantic and phonemic effect sizes.

^*Significant (p<.05).

^#Marginal (p<.10).