Table 1.
Clinical data of patients undergoing fenestrated pedicle screw augmentationa through minimally invasive approach.
| Patient number |
Sex/Age (yrs) | Preoperative diagnosis | Comorbidity factors | Surgical history | T/ | Fixation levels | Surgical procedure | Bone graft | Complication | PMMA extravasation (number of screw related) | FU (mo) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | F/60 | Degenerative discopathy, stenosis | None | Disc herniation | N | L3-S1 | Percutaneous augmented FS + miniaccess TLIF | Autologous + allograft (Ant.) | Transient Radiculitis, Screw misplacement | None | 24 |
| (2) | F/61 | L4 Burst fracture | BMI > 30, AVC, viral hepatitis, depression | N | Y | L3-S1 | Percutaneous augmented FS | None | None | None | 18 |
| (3) | F/74 | L1 Burst fracture | NH Lymphoma, cerebral hematoma, dementia, ethylism | N | N | D12-L2 | Percutaneous augmented FS | None | None | None | 12 |
| (4) | F/73 | L1 Burst fracture | Angor, ethylism, depression, arteritis MI | Disc herniation | Y | D12-L3 | Percutaneous augmented FS | None | None | None | 12 |
| (5) | F/66 | Degenerative spondylolisthesis, disc herniation | Nephrectomy, hypertension, pace maker, epidural fibrosis | Arthrodesis | N | L4-L5 | Percutaneous augmented FS + miniaccess TLIF | Autologous + allograft (Ant.) | None | None | 21 |
| (6) | F/71 | Degenerative discopathy, stenosis | None | N | Y | L3-S1 | Percutaneous augmented FS + miniaccess TLIF | Autologous + allograft (Ant.) | None | None | 12 |
| (7) | M/70 | Degenerative discopathy, stenosis | Hypothyroidism | N | N | L2-L3 | Percutaneous augmented FS | None | None | Lateral external venous plexus, asymptomatic (1) | 12 |
| (8) | F/75 | Degenerative discopathy, stenosis | Rheumatoid arthritis | N | N | L4-L5 | Percutaneous augmented FS + miniaccess TLIF | Autologous + allograft (Ant.) | None | Posterior leakage asymptomatic (none) | 14 |
| (9) | M/83 | Degenerative discopathy, stenosis | HTA, ischemic cardiomyopathy, prostate adenoma, atrial fibrillation, renal insufficiency | N | N | L4-S1 | Percutaneous augmented FS + miniaccess TLIF | Autologous + allograft (Ant.) | None | Lateral external venous plexus, asymptomatic (1) | 16 |
| (10) | F/71 | Degenerative discopathy, stenosis | Depression, hypertension | Laminectomy | Y | L4-S1 | Percutaneous augmented FS | None | None | None | 17 |
| (11) | F/75 | Degenerative spondylolysthesis, stenosis | BMI > 25, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, parkinson | N | N | L3-L5 | Percutaneous augmented FS + miniaccess TLIF | Autologous + allograft (Ant.) | None | None | 13 |
| (12) | F/58 | L4 burst fracture | Hypertension, depression | N | Y | L3-S1 | Percutaneous augmented FS | None | None | None | 10 |
| (13) | M/78 | Degenerative discopathy, stenosis | Obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes | N | N | L3-S1 | Percutaneous augmented FS + miniaccess for bone graft | Autologous + allograft (Post Lat.) | Subcutaneous infection |
Posterior leakage asymptomatic (1) | 8 |
| (14) | F/72 | Degenerative spondylolysthesis, stenosis | BMI > 30, cerebral aneurysm embolized | Laminectomy | N | L2-L4 | Percutaneous augmented FS + miniaccess for bone graft | Autologous + allograft (Post Lat.) | None | None | 12 |
| (15) | F/68 | Degenerative spondylolysthesis, stenosis | None | Arthrodesis | N | L2-S1 | Percutaneous augmented FS + miniaccess for bone graft | Autologous + allograft (Post Lat.) | None | Intradiscal extravasation, asymptomatic (1) | 6 |
|
| |||||||||||
| Total | 12F/3M, 71.2 yrsb | 78 augmented screws |
2 out of 15, 13,3% | 5 out of 15, 30% (no symptomatic) |
13,3 mo mean FU | ||||||
aPMMA: polymethylmethacrylate; bmean age (yrs); T/: tobacco; CA: carcinoma; BMI: body mass index; FS: fenestrated screws; TLIF: transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion; FU: followup; ant.: Interbody anterior bone graft; Post Lat.: posterolateral bone graft.