Table 1.

Time (in million years) of divergence between Plasmodium species, based on genetic distances at two gene loci (see Figs. 1 and 2; adapted from refs. 9 and 10)

Plasmodium	rRNA	Csp
falciparum vs. reichenowi	11.2  ± 2.5	8.9  ± 0.4
vivax vs. monkey*	20.9  ± 3.8	25.2  ± 2.1
vivax vs. malariae	75.7  ± 8.8	103.5  ± 0.6
falciparum vs. vivax/malariae	75.7  ± 8.8	165.4  ± 1.6

^*brasilianum not included.