(A) BAFF levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with neuro-Behçet's disease (NBD) at diagnosis, aceptic meningitis (AM), multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy controls were measured by ELISA. CSF BAFF levels were significantly higher in patients with NBD (mean ± SD, 6.4 ± 5.1 ng/ml; median, 6.1 ng/ml) compared with healthy controls (mean ± SD, 1.4 ± 1.2 ng/ml; median, 1.2 ng/ml). The Kruskal–Wallis test showed a significant main group effect (P < 0.01), and the post hoc test showed that BAFF levels in NBD were higher than those in the healthy control group (P = 0.002). There was no significant difference between the patients with NBD and the disease controls including AM (mean ± SD, 2.2 ± 1.4 ng/ml; median, 1.9 ng/ml) and MS (mean ± SD, 2.7 ± 2.6 ng/ml; median, 2.4 ng/ml). Results are shown as box plots. Each box represents the 25th and 75th percentiles. Lines outside the boxes represent the 10th and the 90th percentiles. Lines inside the boxes represent the median. (B) CSF IL-6 levels in patients with NBD (mean ± SD, 23.0 ± 59.0 pg/ml; median, 1.1 pg/ml), healthy control subjects (mean ± SD, 1.1 ± 1.3 pg/ml; median, 0.7 pg/ml), patients with AM (mean ± SD, 41.3 ± 88.8 pg/ml; median, 2.4 pg/ml) and patients with MS (mean ± SD, 20.5 ± 73.6 pg/ml; median, 2.2 pg/ml). The Kruskal–Wallis test showed a significant difference as indicated. The post hoc test indicated CSF IL-6 levels in NBD were elevated compared with those in healthy controls with a borderline significance (P = 0.008), and CSF IL-6 levels in AM and MS were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (NBD; P = 0.008, AM and MS; P < 0.001).