Table 4.
Comparisons of birth record variables and the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition (PIN) cohort study variables stratified by education, 2001–05
| Education < 12 years
|
Education = 12 years
|
Education > 12 years
|
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal demographics and health behaviours – categorical | |||||||||||||||
| Prevalence n (%)
|
n | % Agreement | Kappa [95% CI] | Prevalence n (%)
|
n | % Agreement | Kappa [95% CI] | Prevalence n (%)
|
n | % Agreement | Kappa [95% CI] | ||||
| Birth records | PIN | Birth records | PIN | Birth records | PIN | ||||||||||
| Maternal race | 127 | 98.43% | 0.97 [0.92, 1.00] | 247 | 97.57% | 0.96 [0.92, 0.99] | 1309 | 96.26% | 0.90 [0.88, 0.93] | ||||||
| NH-White | 64 (50.4) | 64 (50.4) | 120 (48.6) | 118 (47.8) | 1002 (76.5) | 997 (76.2) | |||||||||
| NH-Black | 56 (44.1) | 56 (44.1) | 112 (45.3) | 115 (46.6) | 198 (15.1) | 185 (14.1) | |||||||||
| Other | 7 (5.5) | 7 (5.5) | 15 (6.1) | 14 (5.7) | 109 (8.3) | 127 (9.7) | |||||||||
| Marital status | 126 | 88.10% | 0.73 [0.59, 0.85] | 245 | 90.20% | 0.80 [0.72, 0.87] | 1310 | 97.33% | 0.89 [0.86, 0.93] | ||||||
| Married | 81 (63.8) | 93 (73.8) | 137 (55.5) | 153 (62.5) | 1135 (86.6) | 1101 (84.1) | |||||||||
| Not married | 46 (36.2) | 33 (26.2) | 110 (44.5) | 92 (37.6) | 176 (13.4) | 209 (16.0) | |||||||||
| Alcohol | 89 | – | 172 | – | 1196 | 99.50% | |||||||||
| Drink < 5/week | 127 (100.0) | 89 (100.0) | 247 (100.0) | 172 (100.0) | 1310 (99.1) | 1189 (99.4) | |||||||||
| Drink ≥ 5/week | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | 7 (0.6) | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||||||||
| Maternal demographics, health behaviours and previous pregnancies – continuous | |||||||||||||||
| Mean (SD)
|
n | Spearman [95% CI] | CCC [95% CI] | Mean (SD)
|
n | Spearman [95% CI] | CCC [95% CI] | Mean (SD)
|
n | Spearman [95% CI] | CCC [95% CI] | ||||
| Birth records | PIN | Birth records | PIN | Birth records | PIN | ||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||||||
| Maternal age | 23.1 (5.2) | 22.4 (5.2) | 127 | 0.99 [0.99, 1.00] | 0.99 [0.98, 0.99] | 25.5 (5.3) | 24.7 (5.3) | 247 | 0.996 [0.99, 1.00] | 0.99 [0.98, 0.99] | 31.2 (4.9) | 30.5 (4.9) | 1311 | 0.99 [0.99, 1.00] | 0.98 [0.98, 0.98] |
| Maternal weight gain | 32.1 (16.1) | 30.8 (15.8) | 115 | 0.72 [0.60, 0.83] | 0.72 [0.63, 0.80] | 32.9 (14.8) | 32.0 (15.9) | 221 | 0.73 [0.65, 0.82] | 0.75 [0.69, 0.80] | 32.9 (11.8) | 34.3 (12.2) | 1221 | 0.85 [0.83, 0.88] | 0.85 [0.83, 0.86] |
| Number of cigarettes smoked | 4.6 (6.7) | 3.6 (5.8) | 88 | 0.91 [0.86, 0.96] | 0.83 [0.76, 0.88] | 2.5 (5.6) | 2.2 (4.5) | 171 | 0.75 [0.64, 0.86] | 0.72 [0.65, 0.78] | 0.4 (2.1) | 0.3 (1.8) | 1194 | 0.74 [0.65, 0.83] | 0.77 [0.74, 0.79] |
| Number of pregnancies | 1.2 (1.3) | 1.2 (1.2) | 124 | 0.98 [0.97, 1.00] | 0.75 [0.68, 0.80] | 1.0 (1.1) | 1.1 (1.1) | 243 | 0.96 [0.92, 0.99] | 0.59 [0.53, 0.65] | 0.7 (0.9) | 0.7 (0.9) | 1268 | 0.97 [0.96, 0.98] | 0.59 [0.57, 0.62] |
|
| |||||||||||||||
| Major pregnancy events – categorical | |||||||||||||||
| Prevalence n (%)
|
n | % Agreement | Kappa [95% CI] | Prevalence n (%)
|
n | % Agreement | Kappa [95% CI] | Prevalence n (%)
|
n | % Agreement | Kappa [95% CI] | ||||
| Birth records | PIN | Birth records | PIN | Birth records | PIN | ||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||||||
| Birthweight (g) | 127 | 97.64% | 0.92 [0.81, 1.00] | 247 | 99.19% | 0.97 [0.91, 1.00] | 1311 | 99.80% | 0.93 [0.89, 0.97] | ||||||
| <1500 | 4 (3.2) | 4 (3.2) | 9 (3.6) | 9 (3.6) | 17 (1.3) | 19 (1.5) | |||||||||
| 1500–2499 | 18 (14.2) | 17 (13.4) | 26 (10.5) | 24 (9.7) | 81 (6.2) | 74 (5.6) | |||||||||
| ≥2500 | 105 (82.7) | 106 (83.5) | 212 (85.8) | 214 (86.6) | 1213 (92.5) | 1218 (92.9) | |||||||||
| Preterm | 127 | 97.64% | 0.93 [0.84, 1.00] | 247 | 97.17% | 0.91 [0.83, 0.97] | 1311 | 98.17% | 0.91 [0.87, 0.94] | ||||||
| Yes | 28 (22.1) | 27 (21.3) | 48 (19.4) | 47 (19.0) | 141 (10.8) | 145 (11.1) | |||||||||
| No | 99 (78.0) | 100 (78.7) | 199 (80.6) | 200 (81.0) | 1170 (89.2) | 1166 (88.9) | |||||||||
| Anaemia | 123 | 60.16% | 0.18 [0.07, 0.30] | 237 | 68.78% | 0.25 [0.15, 0.36] | 1280 | 72.11% | 0.17 [0.12, 0.22] | ||||||
| No anaemia | 15 (11.8) | 64 (52.0) | 30 (12.2) | 92 (38.8) | 105 (8.0) | 387 (30.2) | |||||||||
| Any time | 112 (88.2) | 59 (48.0) | 217 (87.9) | 145 (61.2) | 1206 (92.0) | 893 (69.8) | |||||||||
| GDM | 123 | 93.50% | 0.17 [0.00, 0.52] | 238 | 92.44% | 0.06 [0.00, 0.27] | 1282 | 94.07% | 0.09 [0.00, 0.19] | ||||||
| Yes | 5 (3.9) | 5 (4.1) | 9 (3.6) | 12 (5.0) | 40 (3.1) | 47 (3.7) | |||||||||
| No | 122 (96.1) | 118 (95.9) | 238 (96.4) | 226 (95.0) | 1271 (97.0) | 1235 (96.3) | |||||||||
| PIH | 121 | 95.87% | 0.79 [0.56, 0.96] | 235 | 93.19% | 0.71 [0.57, 0.82] | 1244 | 94.69% | 0.68 [0.60, 0.75] | ||||||
| Yes | 14 (11.2) | 13 (10.6) | 30 (12.3) | 34 (14.3) | 103 (8.1) | 126 (9.8) | |||||||||
| No | 111 (88.8) | 110 (89.4) | 214 (87.7) | 204 (85.7) | 1168 (91.9) | 1156 (90.2) | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||||||||
| Major pregnancy events – continuous | |||||||||||||||
| Mean(SD)
|
n | Spearman [95% CI] | CCC [95% CI] | Mean (SD)
|
n | Spearman [95% CI] | CCC [95% CI] | Mean (SD)
|
n | Spearman [95% CI] | CCC [95% CI] | ||||
| Birth records | PIN | Birth records | PIN | Birth records | PIN | ||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||||||
| Gestation | 37.8 (2.7) | 37.8 (2.7) | 127 | 0.91 [0.86, 0.96] | 0.97 [0.95, 0.98] | 37.7 (3.1) | 37.8 (3.1) | 247 | 0.91 [0.87, 0.94] | 0.97 [0.97, 0.98] | 38.5 (2.2) | 38.5 (2.2) | 1311 | 0.90 [0.88, 0.91] | 0.95 [0.95, 0.96] |
| Birthweight | 3067.4 (694.7) | 3077.6 (691.6) | 126 | 0.995 [0.99, 1.00] | 0.99 [0.99, 1.00] | 3133.7 (707.3) | 3138.9 (700.2) | 245 | 0.98 [0.97, 1.00] | 0.99 [0.99, 1.00] | 3323.6 (595.6) | 3332.1 (597.1) | 1308 | 0.98 [0.98, 0.99] | 0.99 [0.99, 0.99] |
CCC, concordance correlation coefficients; CI, confidence interval; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; NH, non-Hispanic; PIH, pregnancy-induced hypertension.