Table 4.
Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Estimates of BMI Trajectory Coefficients: Hierarchical Linear Modeling Results (1992–2006)
| Measures | M1 | M2 | M3 | M4 |
| Fixed effects | ||||
| Time-varying variables | ||||
| Smoker (lag) | −1.263*** | −1.324*** | −1.383*** | −1.054*** |
| Δ Smoker | −1.048*** | −1.068*** | −1.085*** | −0.959*** |
| Smoker × Time | −0.047*** | −0.051*** | −0.097*** | |
| Δ Smoker × Time | −0.038** | −0.040** | −0.060** | |
| Drinker (lag) | −0.329** | −0.323** | −0.203 | −0.083 |
| Δ Drinker | −0.208*** | −0.192*** | −0.126 | −0.074 |
| Drink × Time | 0.016 | 0.012 | −0.011 | |
| Δ Drinker × Time | 0.001 | 0.001 | −0.011 | |
| PA (lag) | −0.549*** | −0.561*** | −0.437*** | −0.417*** |
| Δ PA | −0.381*** | −0.389*** | −0.314*** | −0.315** |
| PA × Time | −0.027 | −0.028 | −0.049 | |
| Δ PA × Time | −0.025 | −0.024 | −0.032 | |
| Proxy (lag) | −0.694*** | −0.692*** | −0.745*** | −0.537*** |
| Δ Proxy | −0.629*** | −0.630*** | −0.682*** | −0.587*** |
| Assets (lag) | −0.080 | −0.043 | ||
| Δ Assets | 0.001 | 0.017 | ||
| Income (lag) | −0.083 | −0.059 | ||
| Δ Income | −0.073** | −0.059 | ||
| Marital status (lag) | 0.314*** | 0.170*** | ||
| Δ Marital status | 0.250*** | 0.177** | ||
| Δ Self-rated health | −0.003 | 0.001 | ||
| Index disease (lag) | 0.003 | 0.004 | ||
| Δ Index disease | −0.001 | −0.002 | ||
| Nagi (lag) | 0.258*** | 0.135*** | ||
| Δ Nagi | 0.209*** | 0.156*** | ||
| CES-D (lag) | −0.021 | −0.029 | ||
| Δ CES-D | −0.014 | −0.017 | ||
| Intercept | ||||
| Intercept | 27.569*** | 27.572*** | 27.614*** | 27.698*** |
| Mortality | −0.323 | −0.318 | −0.612*** | −0.611*** |
| Attrition | −0.632*** | −0.633** | −0.635** | −0.170 |
| Black | 1.290*** | 0.080 | ||
| Hispanic | 0.106 | −0.275 | ||
| Female | −0.385*** | −0.163** | ||
| Age (1992) | −0.089*** | −0.063*** | ||
| Education | −0.085*** | −0.019 | ||
| BMI (1992) | 0.685*** | |||
| Linear slope | ||||
| Intercept | 0.048*** | 0.046*** | 0.050*** | 0.051*** |
| Mortality | −0.076*** | −0.070*** | −0.049** | −0.052*** |
| Attrition | 0.008 | 0.011 | 0.014 | −0.006 |
| Black | −0.060*** | −0.012 | ||
| Hispanic | −0.047** | −0.033 | ||
| Female | 0.011 | 0.001 | ||
| Age (1992) | −0.006*** | −0.008*** | ||
| Education | −0.001 | −0.003 | ||
| BMI (1992) | −0.026*** | |||
| Quadratic slope† | ||||
| Intercept | 0.002** | 0.002** | −0.001 | −0.001 |
| Random effect (variance) | ||||
| Intercept1 | 19.105*** | 19.080*** | 18.099*** | 6.805*** |
| Linear | 0.070*** | 0.070*** | 0.068*** | 0.059*** |
| Quadratic | 0.001*** | 0.001*** | 0.001*** | 0.001*** |
| Level1 R | 7.477 | 7.475 | 7.451 | 7.023 |
| AIC | 444,322.4 | 444,201.3 | 443,555.6 | 433,092.7 |
Notes: AIC = Akaike information criterion; BMI = Body mass index; CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; PA = physical activity.
†
Nonsignificant regression coefficients (not shown) for all covariates in Models 1 through 4.
**p < .01; ***p ≤ .001. Significance p value level set at p < .01.