Table 2.
Associations of working conditions with all-cause disability retirement, unadjusted, adjusted for groups of working conditions (=Groupwise), all working conditions and all variables in analysis
|
Women |
Unadjusted |
Groupwise adjusted |
All working conditions adjusted |
Fully adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
| 1) Work arrangements: |
|
|
|
|
| Shift work |
1.40 (1.10, 1.78) |
1.37 (1.07, 1.75) |
1.04 (0.81, 1.35) |
1.02 (0.79, 1.31) |
| Temporary work contract |
0.92 (0.68, 1.26) |
0.90 (0.66, 1.23) |
0.96 (0.70, 1.31) |
1.03 (0.75, 1.42) |
| Working overtime |
0.75 (0.56, 1.01) |
0.78 (0.58, 1.05) |
0.91 (0.67, 1.23) |
1.02 (0.75, 1.39) |
| 2) Physical working conditions: |
|
|
|
|
| Hazardous exposures |
1.60 (1.27, 2.02) |
1.13 (0.88, 1.45) |
1.10 (0.86, 1.42) |
1.06 (0.82, 1.36) |
| Physical workload |
2.26 (1.82, 2.81) |
2.22 (1.74, 2.82) |
2.02 (1.57, 2.59) |
1.73 (1.35, 2.22) |
| Computer work |
0.95 (0.75, 1.22) |
1.15 (0.90, 1.49) |
1.11 (0.85, 1.45) |
1.28 (0.97, 1.69) |
| 3) Psychosocial working conditions: |
|
|
|
|
| Low job control |
1.88 (1.53, 2.31) |
1.85 (1.50, 2.28) |
1.60 (1.29, 1.99) |
1.34 (1.07, 1.68) |
| High job demands |
1.05 (0.83, 1.32) |
1.10 (0.87, 1.39) |
1.06 (0.83, 1.35) |
1.13 (0.88, 1.44) |
| Social support at work |
0.78 (0.63, 0.97) |
0.85 (0.68, 1.06) |
0.89 (0.71, 1.11) |
0.92 (0.74, 1.15) |
| 4) Occupational class: |
|
|
|
|
| Managers and professionals |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
| Semi-professionals |
2.13 (1.49, 3.05) |
|
|
1.91 (1.32, 2.77) |
| Routine non-manual workers |
2.47 (1.83, 3.32) |
|
|
1.95 (1.40, 2.71) |
| Manual workers |
4.36 (3.13, 6.08) |
|
|
3.18 (2.16, 4.68) |
|
Men |
Unadjusted |
Groupwise adjusted |
All working conditions adjusted |
Fully adjusted |
| |
HR (95% CI) |
HR (95% CI) |
HR (95% CI) |
HR (95% CI) |
| 1) Work arrangements: |
|
|
|
|
| Shift work |
2.20 (1.45, 3.34) |
2.17 (1.43, 3.30) |
1.38 (0.84, 2.26) |
1.16 (0.70, 1.93) |
| Temporary work contract |
0.68 (0.30, 1.55) |
0.77 (0.33, 1.75) |
0.80 (0.35, 1.84) |
0.84 (0.36, 1.96) |
| Working overtime |
0.81 (0.5, 1.33) |
0.81 (0.50, 1.33) |
0.88 (0.53, 1.48) |
0.95 (0.56, 1.60) |
| 2) Physical working conditions: |
|
|
|
|
| Hazardous exposures |
2.47 (1.61, 3.77) |
2.14 (1.31, 3.48) |
1.69 (0.99, 2.89) |
1.63 (0.93, 2.86) |
| Physical workload |
2.80 (1.72, 4.54) |
1.91 (1.13, 3.22) |
2.00 (1.18, 3.38) |
1.75 (1.02, 3.00) |
| Computer work |
1.07 (0.67, 1.72) |
1.31 (0.79, 2.17) |
1.48 (0.89, 2.48) |
1.74 (1.02, 2.97) |
| 3) Psychosocial working conditions: |
|
|
|
|
| Low job control |
2.21 (1.49, 3.28) |
2.08 (1.39, 3.12) |
1.54 (0.99, 2.40) |
1.41 (0.90, 2.21) |
| High job demands |
0.62 (0.35, 1.12) |
0.68 (0.38, 1.24) |
0.67 (0.36, 1.23) |
0.75 (0.40, 1.39) |
| Social support at work |
0.74 (0.48, 1.13) |
0.84 (0.54, 1.30) |
0.86 (0.56, 1.34) |
0.88 (0.57, 1.37) |
| 4) Occupational class: |
|
|
|
|
| Managers and professionals |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
| Semi-professionals |
1.63 (0.93, 2.85) |
|
|
1.37 (0.77, 2.46) |
| Routine non-manual workers |
3.35 (1.86, 6.02) |
|
|
2.78 (1.43, 5.42) |
| Manual workers | 3.10 (1.93, 4.99) | 1.75 (0.89, 3.46) |
Hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Women (n = 5122) and men (n = 1403).