Table 3.
Associations of working conditions with disability retirement due to musculoskeletal diseases and mental disorders, adjusted for gender, groups of working conditions (=Groupwise), all working conditions and all variables in analysis
|
Musculoskeletal diseases |
Gender adjusted |
Groupwise adjusted |
All working conditions adjusted |
Fully adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
| 1) Work arrangements: |
|
|
|
|
| Shift work |
1.85 (1.36, 2.52) |
1.80 (1.32, 2.45) |
1.13 (0.81, 1.56) |
1.04 (0.75, 1.44) |
| Temporary work contract |
0.58 (0.34, 1.01) |
0.57 (0.33, 0.97) |
0.60 (0.35, 1.03) |
0.70 (0.40, 1.20) |
| Working overtime |
0.52 (0.33, 0.83) |
0.55 (0.35, 0.88) |
0.73 (0.46, 1.18) |
0.85 (0.53, 1.36) |
| 2) Physical working conditions: |
|
|
|
|
| Hazardous exposures |
2.34 (1.75, 3.14) |
1.43 (1.04, 1.98) |
1.34 (0.97, 1.86) |
1.16 (0.84, 1.61) |
| Physical workload |
3.60 (2.69, 4.81) |
3.00 (2.17, 4.14) |
2.61 (1.88, 3.61) |
2.10 (1.52, 2.89) |
| Computer work |
0.62 (0.43, 0.90) |
0.82 (0.56, 1.21) |
0.83 (0.56, 1.23) |
1.10 (0.73, 1.65) |
| 3) Psychosocial working conditions: |
|
|
|
|
| Low job control |
2.61 (1.99, 3.42) |
2.44 (1.85, 3.22) |
1.96 (1.47, 2.61) |
1.44 (1.07, 1.93) |
| High job demands |
0.78 (0.55, 1.10) |
0.84 (0.60, 1.19) |
0.83 (0.58, 1.19) |
0.94 (0.65, 1.34) |
| Social support at work |
0.60 (0.43, 0.82) |
0.69 (0.50, 0.96) |
0.74 (0.53, 1.02) |
0.80 (0.58, 1.11) |
| 4) Occupational class: |
|
|
|
|
| Managers and professionals |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
| Semi-professionals |
4.36 (2.32, 8.19) |
|
|
3.43 (1.80, 6.53) |
| Routine non-manual workers |
5.73 (3.24, 10.12) |
|
|
3.64 (1.99, 6.66) |
| Manual workers |
14.79 (8.39, 26.07) |
|
|
7.83 (4.17, 14.68) |
|
Mental disorders |
Gender adjusted |
Groupwise adjusted |
All working conditions adjusted |
Fully adjusted |
| |
HR (95% CI) |
HR (95% CI) |
HR (95% CI) |
HR (95% CI) |
| 1) Work arrangements: |
|
|
|
|
| Shift work |
1.31 (0.87, 1.99) |
1.32 (0.87, 2.00) |
1.08 (0.70, 1.68) |
1.03 (0.66, 1.60) |
| Temporary work contract |
0.96 (0.56, 1.64) |
0.96 (0.56, 1.63) |
1.05 (0.61, 1.79) |
1.06 (0.61, 1.81) |
| Working overtime |
1.03 (0.66, 1.60) |
1.05 (0.67, 1.63) |
1.04 (0.66, 1.65) |
1.12 (0.71, 1.78) |
| 2) Physical working conditions: |
|
|
|
|
| Hazardous exposures |
1.62 (1.11, 2.36) |
1.48 (0.98, 2.25) |
1.35 (0.88, 2.06) |
1.39 (0.91, 2.14) |
| Physical workload |
1.57 (1.07, 2.31) |
1.48 (0.95, 2.28) |
1.36 (0.88, 2.10) |
1.26 (0.80, 1.97) |
| Computer work |
1.53 (1.06, 2.21) |
1.71 (1.17, 2.50) |
1.59 (1.08, 2.35) |
1.60 (1.08, 2.38) |
| 3) Psychosocial working conditions: |
|
|
|
|
| Low job control |
1.92 (1.34, 2.75) |
1.93 (1.34, 2.78) |
1.74 (1.19, 2.54) |
1.67 (1.12, 2.49) |
| High job demands |
1.52 (1.05, 2.19) |
1.61 (1.11, 2.32) |
1.43 (0.97, 2.09) |
1.48 (1.00, 2.18) |
| Social support at work |
0.73 (0.51, 1.07) |
0.81 (0.55, 1.18) |
0.81 (0.56, 1.19) |
0.82 (0.56, 1.19) |
| 4) Occupational class: |
|
|
|
|
| Managers and professionals |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
| Semi-professionals |
1.69 (1.03, 2.76) |
|
|
1.64 (0.98, 2.74) |
| Routine non-manual workers |
1.85 (1.19, 2.87) |
|
|
1.64 (0.99, 2.73) |
| Manual workers | 1.38 (0.79, 2.42) | 1.07 (0.55, 2.09) |
Hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) (n = 6525).