Table 1.
Spices used in the present study and evidence of their activities
| Spice samples (Family) | Herbarium Voucher numbera | Traditional Treatment | Part used | Bioactive (or potentially active) compoundsband screened activitycfor crude plant extract |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Aframomum citratum (Pereira) K. Schum. (Zingiberaceae) |
37 736/HNC |
Malaria, aphrodisiac, cancer [4,6] |
Fruits. leaves. seeds |
Antimicrobial: Ethylacetate extract of fruits on Ec. Pa. Sa[7] |
| |
|
|
|
Cytotoxicity of fruits crude methanol extract [weak activity on leukemia CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR5000 cells, and pancreatic MiaPaCa-2 cell lines] [4] |
|
Aframomum melegueta (Roscoe) K. Schum. (Zingiberaceae) |
39 065/HNC |
Malaria, dysentery, carminative, dysmenorrheal, fertility, rubella, leprosy, cancer [6,8] |
Fruits, leaves |
Antimicrobial : Aqueous and ethanol extract of leaves on Fo. An[9] Methanol extract of fruits (Q) on Sa. Bs. Ec. Pa. Ca[8] |
| |
|
|
|
Cytotoxicity of fruits crude methanol extract [weak activity on leukemia CCRF-CEM and pancreatic MiaPaCa-2 cell lines and significant activity on CEM/ADR5000 cells with IC50 value of 7.08 μg/ml] [4] |
|
Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Linn) Cor. (Lauraceae) |
22 309/SRFC |
Cancer [4] |
Fruits, leaves. bark |
Antimicrobial : Cd, Cm, Lt, Fp[10,11] |
| |
|
|
|
Cytotoxicity of leaves crude methanol extract [weak activity on leukemia CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR5000 cells, and pancreatic MiaPaCa-2 cell lines] [4] |
|
Dorstenia psilurus Welwitch (Moraceae) |
44 839/HNC |
Snake bite, rheumatism, head and stomach ache, hypertension, cancer [4,12,13]. |
Leaves, roots |
Cytotoxicity of roots crude methanol extract [Significant activity with IC50 values of 7.18; 7.79 and 9.17 μg/ml respectively on leukemia CCRF-CEM cells, CEM/5000 cells and pancreatic MiaPaCa-2 cell lines] [4] |
|
Fagara leprieurii (Guill and Perr) Engl. (Rutaceae) |
37 632/HNC |
Gastritis, gingivitis. bilharzias, antidiarrhoeal, cancer, laxative, antimicrobial, ulcer, gonorrhea, kidney ache., sterility [4,14,15] |
Bark, leaves. roots |
Antimicrobial : Ethanol extract of the seeds on Ca. Cn. Mg. Tm. Tr. Bci. Af. Afl. Sb[6]Essential oil: Sa[15] |
| |
|
|
|
Cytotoxicity of seeds crude methanol extract [weak activity on leukemia CCRF-CEM and pancreatic MiaPaCa-2 cell lines and significant activity on CEM/ADR5000 cells with IC50 value of 8.13 μg/ml] [4] |
|
Imperata cylindricum Beauv. var. koenigii Durand et Schinz (ramineae) |
30 139/SRFC |
Diuretic, anti-inflammatory, dysentery, urinary tract infections, cancer [4,16,17] |
Leaves, roots |
Cytotoxicity of roots crude methanol extract [Significant activity with IC50 values of 8.4; 7.18 and 12.11 μg/ml respectively on leukemia CCRF-CEM cells, CEM/5000 cells and pancreatic MiaPaCa-2 cell lines] [4] |
|
Monodora myristica Dunal (Annonaceae) |
2 949/SRFC |
Insecticidal, diuretic, constipation, anti-hemorrhage, headache, wounds, worm infections,cancer [4,15,18,19] |
Fruits, leaves. seeds |
Antimicrobial : Fm. Afl. Af[18]; Essential oil: Af. Bc. Bs. Cgl. Ec. Kp. Sa. Sf[15]. Cytotoxicity of fruits seeds methanol extract [weak activity on leukemia CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR5000 cells, and pancreatic MiaPaCa-2 cell lines] [4] |
|
Pentadiplandra brazzeana Baill. (Capparaceae) |
42 918/HNC |
Gastric ulcer, cancer [4,20] |
Fruits, leaves |
Cytotoxicity of roots crude methanol extract [weak activity on leukemia CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR5000 cells, and pancreatic MiaPaCa-2 cell lines] [4] |
|
Piper guineense (Schum and Thonn) (Piperaceae) |
6 018/SRFC |
Cough, bronchitis, rheumatism, insecticidal, anemia, carminative, stomach ache, cancer [4,8,21] |
Fruits, leaves. bark |
Insecticidal : Cs[20]Antimicrobial(Q); Ec. Sa. Bs. Pa. Ca. An[8,22] |
|
Scorodophloeus zenkerii Harms (Caesalpiniaceae) |
44 803/HNC |
Cancer [4] |
Leaves. roots |
Antimicrobial : Essential oil of stem bark on Ec, Sa, Bs, Cu [23]. |
| |
|
|
|
Cytotoxicity of fruits crude methanol extract [weak activity on leukemia CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR5000 cells, and pancreatic MiaPaCa-2 cell lines] [4] |
| Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum. & Thonn) Taub. (Mimosaceae) | 12 117/SRFC | Pain, arthritis, epilepsy, convulsion, gastric ulcer, cancer [4,20] | Bark, leaves. roots | Cytotoxicity of fruits crude methanol extract [weak activity on leukemia CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR5000 cells, and pancreatic MiaPaCa-2 cell lines] [4] |
a(HNC): Cameroon National Herbarium; (SRFC): Société des reserves forestières du Cameroun; b(/): Not reported.
c[Screened activity: significant (S: CMI < 100 μg/ml). moderate (M : 100 < CMI ≤ 625 μg/ml). Weak (W: CMI > 625 μg/ml) Q: Qualitative activity based on the determination of inhibition zone [15]; Af : Aspergillus fumigatus. Afl : Aspergillus flavus. An: Aspergillus niger. Bc : Bacillus cereus. Bci : Botrytis cinerea. Bs : Bacillis subtilis. Bt: Botryodiploidia theobromae. Ca : Candida albicans. Cd : Clostridium difficile. Cm : Colletotrichum musae. Cn : Cryptococcus neoformans. Cs: Callosobruchus subinnotatus. Cu : Candida utilis. Ec : Escherichia coli. Fm :Fusarium moniliforme. Fo :Fusarium oxysporum. Fp : Fusarium proliferatum. Lt : Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Mg : Microsporum gypseum. Pa: Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sa : Staphylococcus aureus. Sb: Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. Tm: Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Tr: Trichophyton rubrum.