Table 1.
Description of the sampling sites: geographic coordinates, habitat and indices of genetic diversity
| Population | Latitude | Longitude | Habitat | N | P | Ho | He | Fis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wild |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| BUR 03 |
12° 11’ N |
00° 20’ W |
field |
7 |
0.190 |
0 |
0.054 |
1.000*** |
| BUR 05 |
12° 25’ N |
00° 09’ W |
field |
6 |
0.286 |
0.040 |
0.061 |
0.432* |
| BUR 06 |
12° 30’ N |
00° 04’ W |
roadside |
5 |
0.048 |
0.009 |
0.009 |
0.000 |
| BUR 07 |
12° 37’ N |
00° 04’ W |
natural |
5 |
0.190 |
0 |
0.061 |
1.000*** |
| BUR 16 |
14° 06’ N |
01° 36’ W |
roadside |
5 |
0.143 |
0.029 |
0.052 |
0.538 |
| BUR 23 |
11° 46’ N |
00° 21’ W |
roadside |
5 |
0.143 |
0.009 |
0.050 |
0.846** |
| BUR 27 |
12° 27’ N |
00° 05’ W |
natural |
12 |
0.190 |
0.029 |
0.077 |
0.665*** |
| BUR 29 |
12° 24’ N |
01° 32’ W |
roadside |
11 |
0.333 |
0.009 |
0.103 |
0.923*** |
| BUR 32 |
12° 17’ N |
01° 31’ W |
roadside |
8 |
0.238 |
0.006 |
0.092 |
0.943*** |
|
mean BUR |
|
|
|
|
0.196 ± 0.028 |
0.015 ± 0.005 |
0.062 ± 0.009 |
0.705 ± 0.112* |
| GHA 08 |
10° 44’ N |
00° 47’ W |
field |
7 |
0.095 |
0.007 |
0.006 |
0 |
| GHA 18 |
11° 04’ N |
00° 08’ W |
field |
7 |
0.048 |
0.020 |
0.022 |
0.143 |
| GHA 20 |
10° 58’ N |
00° 05’ W |
field |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
m |
| GHA 21 |
11° 03’ N |
00° 03’ W |
field |
5 |
0.095 |
0.009 |
0.047 |
0.833* |
| GHA 24 |
11° 00’ N |
00° 21’ W |
field |
5 |
0.095 |
0.009 |
0.035 |
0.778* |
| GHA 25 |
10° 56’ N |
00° 29’ W |
field |
5 |
0.048 |
0.009 |
0.020 |
0.600 |
| GHA 26 |
10° 52’ N |
00° 45’ W |
field |
13 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
m |
| GHA 29 |
10° 48’ N |
00° 55’ W |
field |
5 |
0.048 |
0.009 |
0.009 |
0.000 |
|
mean GHA |
|
|
|
|
0.054 ± 0.015 |
0.008 ± 0.002 |
0.017 ± 0.006 |
0.392 ± 0.159(*) |
| NIG 01 |
13° 03’ N |
03° 12’ E |
field |
6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
m |
| NIG 02 |
13° 33’ N |
02° 24’ E |
field |
11 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
m |
| NIG 03 |
13° 34’ N |
02° 01’ E |
field |
10 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
m |
| NIG 04 |
13° 06’ N |
01° 44’ E |
natural/field |
37 |
0.095 |
0 |
0.010 |
1.000*** |
| NIG 05 |
13° 45’ N |
01° 41’ E |
roadside |
15 |
0.238 |
0.035 |
0.066 |
0.497*** |
| NIG 06 |
13° 46’ N |
01° 37’ E |
roadside |
11 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
m |
| NIG 08 |
13° 39’ N |
01° 46’ E |
roadside |
5 |
0.048 |
0.019 |
0.015 |
- 0.143 |
| NIG 09 |
12° 36’ N |
02° 51’ E |
natural |
24 |
0.190 |
0 |
0.047 |
1.000*** |
| NIG 10 |
12° 33’ N |
02° 52’ E |
natural |
20 |
0.143 |
0.005 |
0.067 |
0.932*** |
| NIG 11 |
12° 24’ N |
02° 50’ E |
natural |
18 |
0.143 |
0 |
0.052 |
1.000*** |
| NIG 12 |
12° 23’ N |
03° 26’ E |
natural |
18 |
0.333 |
0.029 |
0.094 |
0.703*** |
| NIG 13 |
11° 59’ N |
03° 34’ E |
natural |
13 |
0.238 |
0.011 |
0.055 |
0.806*** |
| NIG 14 |
11° 53’ N |
03° 36’ E |
natural |
28 |
0.190 |
0.011 |
0.057 |
0.821*** |
|
mean NIG |
|
|
|
|
0.124 ± 0.032 |
0.008 ± 0.003 |
0.036 ± 0.009 |
735 ± 0.123(*) |
| BEN 02 |
09° 47’ N |
02° 38’ E |
roadside |
5 |
0.048 |
0.019 |
0.015 |
- 0.143 |
| BEN 03 |
11° 19’ N |
03° 02’ E |
natural |
8 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
m |
| BEN 04 |
10° 23’ N |
02° 43’ E |
natural |
13 |
0.048 |
0.004 |
0.010 |
0.647 |
| BEN 05 |
10° 18’ N |
01° 22’ E |
field |
19 |
0.095 |
0.002 |
0.023 |
0.898*** |
| BEN 06 |
09° 20’ N |
02° 38’ E |
roadside |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
m |
|
mean BEN |
|
|
|
|
0.038 ± 0.020 |
0.008 ± 0.004 |
0.017 ± 0.005 |
0.467 ± 0.314 ns |
| Mean wild |
|
|
|
|
0.113 ± 0.017 |
0.009 ± 0.008 |
0.035 ± 0.020 |
0.657 ± 0.073**** |
| Domesticated |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| BUR03 |
12° 11’ N |
00° 20’ W |
|
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
m |
| BEN05 |
10° 18’ N |
01° 22’ E |
|
6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
m |
| GHA26 |
10° 52’ N |
00° 45’ W |
|
9 |
0.048 |
0 |
0.024 |
1.000*** |
| NIG 04 |
13° 06’ N |
01° 44’ E |
|
8 |
0.095 |
0 |
0.042 |
1.000*** |
| NIG 10 |
12° 33’ N |
02° 52’ E |
|
8 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
m |
| NIG 12 |
12° 23’ N |
03° 26’ E |
|
12 |
0.048 |
0 |
0.018 |
1.000*** |
| NIG 13 |
11° 59’ N |
03° 34’ E |
|
10 |
0.048 |
0 |
0.009 |
1.000*** |
| Mean domesticated | 0.034 ± 0.014 | 0 ± 0.000 | 0.013 ± 0.006 | 1.000 ± 0.000*** | ||||
N, Number of Individual sampled; P, Proportion of polymorphic loci; Ho, observed heterozygosity; He, Hardy-Weinberg expected heterozygosity; Fis, Inbreeding coefficient over the 21 loci. Significant test for departure from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium are indicated as ns for P > 0.1, (*) for P < 0.1, * for P < 0.050; ** for P < 0.010 and *** for P < 0.001. m, Monomorphic.