Table 3. Bivariate analysis of factors associated with and “spin” in the press releases.
| Characteristics | Subcharacteristics | “Spin” in Press Release n/Total n (%) | p-Value |
| Journal | General | 11/32 (34) | 0.05 |
| Specialized | 22/38 (58) | — | |
| Funding source | Profit | 15/33 (45) | 0.8 |
| Nonprofit or not reported | 18/37 (49) | — | |
| Sample size | <112 | 22/35 (63) | 0.008 |
| ≥112 | 11/35 (31) | — | |
| Experimental treatment | Drug | 17/36 (47) | 1.0 |
| Other | 16/34 (47) | — | |
| Results of primary outcome(s) | All nonstatistically significant | 11/24 (46) | 0.9 |
| Other | 22/46 (48) | — | |
| Authors of press release | Press officer | 19/40 (48) | 0.9 |
| Other | 14/30 (47) | — | |
| “Spin” in abstract conclusion | Yes | 26/28 (93) | <0.001 |
| No | 7/42 (17) | — |