Table 1.

Basic parameters for fear conditioning in rodents and humans.

Context	Conditioned stimulus	Unconditioned stimulus	Response
RODENT
Modular isolation chamber	Tone	Foot shock	Freezing behavior
– Static visual stimuli	Light pulse	Eye puff	– Video analysis
– Changeable floors/walls			– Infrared beam crossing
– Static odor			– Load cell platform
– Background noise			Physiological
– Chamber light level			– Heart rate
			– Blood pressure
			– Subcutaneous response
HUMAN
Specifically prepared rooms	Tone	Electrical shock	Physiological
Virtual reality	Light pulse	Eye puff	– Heart rate
	Neutral faces/images	Aversive images	– Blood pressure
	Transient odor		– Subcutaneous response
			Electromyography
			Psychological tools
			– State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
			– Subjective Units of Distress