Table 2.
Study I: PFOA and pregnancy outcome based on birth records: association of PFOA with stillbirth and pregnancy-induced hypertension, Mid-Ohio Valley, 1990–2004.
| Stillbirth | Pregnancy-induced hypertension | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimated PFOA | Live birthsa (n) | Cases (n) | Crude OR | Adjustedb OR (95% CI) | Live births (n) | Cases (n) | Crude OR | Adjustedb OR (95% CI) | ||||||||
| IQR(lnPFOA)c increase | 1,844 | 106 | 0.92 | 1.00 (0.76, 1.32) | 3,828 | 224 | 1.06 | 1.02 (0.86, 1.21) | ||||||||
| 100-ng/mL increase | 1,844 | 106 | 1.01 | 1.20 (0.86, 1.68) | 3,828 | 224 | 1.06 | 1.06 (0.86, 1.31) | ||||||||
| < 40th percentile (1.0 to < 6.1 ng/mLd) | 504 | 35 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1,527 | 82 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| 40th to < 60th percentile (6.1 to < 10.2 ng/mL) | 330 | 15 | 0.9 | 0.9 (0.4, 2.0) | 764 | 48 | 1.2 | 1.0 (0.7, 1.6) | ||||||||
| 60th to < 80th percentile (10.2 to < 21.0 ng/mL) | 487 | 31 | 1.1 | 1.0 (0.5, 1.7) | 759 | 51 | 1.1 | 1.0 (0.6, 1.5) | ||||||||
| ≥ 80th percentile (21.0 to 717.6 ng/mL) | 523 | 25 | 0.7 | 0.8 (0.5, 1.5) | 778 | 43 | 1.1 | 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) | ||||||||
| aWest Virginia only. bAdjusted for maternal age, education, parity, smoking status, exposure year, state of residence. cEffect estimates represent the change in outcome for a shift from the 25th percentile to the 75th percentile in estimated PFOA serum levels [IQR(lnPFOA) = 1.50]. dThe category boundaries are from the first imputed data set. | ||||||||||||||||