Table 2.
Study population characteristics by exposure status.
| Exposed | Low (n = 14) | High (n = 15) | Unexposed | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | n (% or mean ± SD) | n (% or mean ± SD) | n (% or mean ± SD) | n (% or mean ± SD) | ||||||||
| Age when tested (years) | 29 | (30.6 ± 3.5) | 14 | (30.3 ± 3.2) | 15 | (30.9 ± 3.9) | 25 | (30.0 ± 3.4) | ||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29 | (26.9 ± 5.3) | 14 | (28.8 ± 6.3) | 15 | (25.0 ± 3.2) | 25 | (25.7 ± 5.1) | ||||
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Female | 20 | (69.0) | 11 | (78.6) | 9 | (60.0) | 19 | (76.0) | ||||
| Male | 9 | (31.0) | 3 | (21.4) | 6 | (40.0) | 6 | (24.0) | ||||
| Race | ||||||||||||
| White | 29 | (100.0) | 14 | (100.0) | 15 | (100.0) | 25 | (100.0) | ||||
| Education | ||||||||||||
| High school graduate or less | 1 | (3.4) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (6.7) | 4 | (16.0) | ||||
| Some college | 4 | (13.8) | 3 | (21.4) | 1 | (6.7) | 3 | (12.0) | ||||
| ≥ 4 years of college | 24 | (82.8) | 11 | (78.6) | 13 | (86.7) | 18 | (72.0) | ||||
| History of hypertension | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 3 | (10.3) | 2 | (14.3) | 1 | (6.7) | 3 | (12.0) | ||||
| No | 26 | (89.7) | 12 | (85.7) | 14 | (93.3) | 22 | (88.0) | ||||
| Solvent-exposed hobby | ||||||||||||
| Ever | 27 | (93.1) | 13 | (92.9) | 14 | (93.3) | 23 | (92.0) | ||||
| Never | 2 | (6.8) | 1 | (7.1) | 1 | (6.7) | 2 | (8.0) | ||||
| Alcohol frequency in previous 30 days | ||||||||||||
| 1–8 days | 14 | (50.0) | 8 | (57.1) | 6 | (42.9) | 15 | (60.0) | ||||
| > 8 days | 9 | (32.1) | 2 | (14.3) | 7 | (50.0) | 7 | (28.0) | ||||
| None | 5 | (17.9) | 4 | (28.6) | 1 | (7.1) | 3 | (12.0) | ||||
| Missing | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||||||
| Smoked regularlya | ||||||||||||
| Ever | 6 | (20.7) | 1 | (7.1) | 5 | (33.3) | 7 | (28.0) | ||||
| Never | 23 | (79.3) | 13 | (92.9) | 10 | (66.7) | 18 | (72.0) | ||||
| Marijuana use | ||||||||||||
| Ever | 13 | (50.0) | 4 | (33.3) | 9 | (64.3) | 19 | (79.2) | ||||
| Never | 13 | (50.0) | 8 | (66.7) | 5 | (35.7) | 5 | (20.8) | ||||
| Missing | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| Major drugsb | ||||||||||||
| Ever | 4 | (13.8) | 0 | (0.0) | 4 | (26.7) | 4 | (16.0) | ||||
| Never | 25 | (86.2) | 14 | (100.0) | 11 | (73.3) | 21 | (84.0) | ||||
| Maternal age at birth of subject (years)c | 29 | (29.0 ± 5.0) | 14 | (28.5 ± 4.6) | 15 | (29.5 ± 3.9) | 25 | (27.2 ± 4.2) | ||||
| Paternal age at birth of subject (years)c | 29 | (31.8 ± 6.3) | 14 | (30.3 ± 4.3) | 15 | (33.3 ± 7.6) | 25 | (30.1 ± 6.1) | ||||
| Maternal educational levelc | ||||||||||||
| High school graduate or less | 4 | (13.8) | 1 | (7.1) | 3 | (20.0) | 5 | (20.8) | ||||
| Some college | 12 | (41.4) | 7 | (50.0) | 5 | (33.3) | 9 | (37.5) | ||||
| ≥ 4 years of college | 13 | (44.8) | 6 | (42.9) | 7 | (46.7) | 10 | (41.7) | ||||
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||||||||
| Paternal occupationc | ||||||||||||
| White collar | 19 | (65.5) | 7 | (50.0) | 12 | (80.0) | 12 | (48.0) | ||||
| Blue collar | 7 | (24.1) | 5 | (35.7) | 2 | (13.3) | 7 | (28.0) | ||||
| Other | 3 | (10.3) | 2 | (14.3) | 1 | (6.7) | 6 | (24.0) | ||||
| aEver regular smokers were identified from affirmative answers to questions asking about smoking on “a regular basis.” bEver major drug use was defined as any use as a teen or adult of at least one of the following: inhalants, heroin, crack/cocaine, psychedelics/hallucinogens, Ritalin without a prescription, and club drugs/designer drugs (e.g., Special K, Ecstacy). cInformation on parental age, maternal education, and paternal occupation were obtained from birth records or questionnaires completed by participants’ mothers. | ||||||||||||