Table 4.
Lung cancer HRs associated with each quartile of cumulative and average EC, with and without adjustment for duration of work.
| Entire cohort (n = 31,135) | Cohort excluding mechanics (n = 29,324) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure | Person-years | Lung cancer deaths | HR (95% CI) unadjusted for duration of work | HR (95% CI) adjusted for duration of work | Person-years | Lung cancer deaths | HR (95% CI) unadjusted for duration of work | HR (95% CI) adjusted for duration of work | |||||||
| Cumulative EC (µg/m3-months) | |||||||||||||||
| No lag | |||||||||||||||
| < 530 | 106,272 | 153 | Reference | Reference | 105,868 | 153 | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| 530 to < 1,061 | 106,208 | 194 | 1.13 (0.90, 1.42) | 1.24 (0.98, 1.57) | 105,312 | 193 | 1.13 (0.90, 1.42) | 1.25 (0.99, 1.60) | |||||||
| 1,061 to < 2,076 | 106,149 | 209 | 1.14 (0.89, 1.47) | 1.30 (0.99, 1.70) | 102,534 | 202 | 1.13 (0.87, 1.46) | 1.30 (0.99, 1.72) | |||||||
| ≥ 2076 | 106,039 | 223 | 0.98 (0.74, 1.29) | 1.16 (0.86, 1.57) | 86,600 | 193 | 1.02 (0.76, 1.36) | 1.24 (0.89, 1.71) | |||||||
| p for trend | 0.37 | 0.92 | 0.63 | 0.71 | |||||||||||
| 5-year lag | |||||||||||||||
| < 371 | 106,359 | 122 | Reference | Reference | 105,513 | 122 | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| 371 to < 860 | 106,223 | 193 | 1.18 (0.92, 1.51) | 1.30 (1.01, 1.68) | 104,909 | 191 | 1.18 (0.92, 1.52) | 1.31 (1.01, 1.71) | |||||||
| 860 to < 1,803 | 106,114 | 208 | 1.16 (0.88, 1.53) | 1.35 (1.01, 1.81) | 102,496 | 202 | 1.17 (0.88, 1.55) | 1.38 (1.02, 1.87) | |||||||
| ≥ 1,803 | 105,972 | 256 | 1.12 (0.83, 1.52) | 1.36 (0.98, 1.89) | 87,397 | 226 | 1.19 (0.86, 1.63) | 1.48 (1.05, 2.10) | |||||||
| p for trend | 0.97 | 0.39 | 0.61 | 0.16 | |||||||||||
| 10-year lag | |||||||||||||||
| < 167 | 106,409 | 114 | Reference | Reference | 104,329 | 112 | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| 167 to < 596 | 106,213 | 183 | 1.04 (0.79, 1.37) | 1.14 (0.86, 1.52) | 104,487 | 179 | 1.06 (0.80, 1.40) | 1.17 (0.88, 1.57) | |||||||
| 596 to < 1,436 | 106,120 | 205 | 1.01 (0.74, 1.37) | 1.18 (0.85, 1.64) | 102,712 | 202 | 1.05 (0.77, 1.45) | 1.26 (0.90, 1.78) | |||||||
| ≥ 1,436 | 105,926 | 277 | 1.03 (0.72, 1.45) | 1.25 (0.86, 1.82) | 88,786 | 248 | 1.12 (0.78, 1.61) | 1.41 (0.95, 2.11) | |||||||
| p for trend | 0.96 | 0.39 | 0.57 | 0.15 | |||||||||||
| Average exposure, 5-year lag (µg/m3) | |||||||||||||||
| < 3.6 | 106,304 | 146 | Reference | Reference | 105,930 | 146 | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| 3.6 to < 5.4 | 106,153 | 211 | 1.15 (0.93, 1.43) | 1.15 (0.93, 1.43) | 105,950 | 211 | 1.15 (0.93, 1.43) | 1.15 (0.93, 1.43) | |||||||
| 5.4 to < 7.9 | 106,093 | 221 | 1.11 (0.89, 1.39) | 1.12 (0.90, 1.40) | 105,512 | 221 | 1.11 (0.89, 1.39) | 1.12 (0.89, 1.40) | |||||||
| ≥ 7.9 | 106,117 | 201 | 1.06 (0.84, 1.34) | 1.08 (0.85, 1.36) | 82,922 | 163 | 1.11 (0.87, 1.43) | 1.13 (0.88, 1.44) | |||||||
| p for trend | 0.97 | 0.88 | 0.61 | 0.53 | |||||||||||
| All models adjusted for race, calendar year of follow-up, and census region. | |||||||||||||||