Table 3.

Translation Codes

Nominal codea	Ordinal quality score
1.0 Literal or fully preserves essential meaning	Good
2.0 Attempted literal, inconsequential syntax error, etc.	Fair
3.0 Paraphrase fully preserves meaning	Good
4.0 Edited report contains literal content	Good
5.0 Report or paraphrase with minor omission or substitution	Fair
6.0 Attempted literal with consequential language error	Poor
7.0 Edited report with significant omission	Poor
8.0 Edited report with addition	Fair
8.1 Edited report with clarifying addition	Good
8.2 Edited report with addition changing meaning	Poor
9.0 Edited report with substitution	Poor
10.0 Edited report with multiple omit, substitution, and/or addition	Poor
11.0 Essentially falseb report or fabrication	Mistranslationb
12.0 No translationc	Not translatedc
13.0 Other or unclassifiable	—

^aCodes 1–13 from Reference 22.

^bChanged from “false” in original to “mistranslation.”

^cChanged from “none” in original to “not translated.”