Table 5. Longitudinal multivariate generalized estimating equations model: demographic variables, exposure, organizational, and other risk and mitigating factors across time affecting burnout personal accomplishment (PA), depersonalization (DP), and emotional exhaustion (EE) subscales.
| Burnout (PA) | Burnout (DP) | Burnout (EE) | ||||
| Parameter | AOR (95%CI) | Type III p value | AOR (95%CI) | Type III p value | AOR(95%CI) | Type III p value |
| SexMale versus female | 0·97 (0·55–1·69) | 0·907 | 0·55 (0·26–1·20) | 0·123 | 0·45 (0·20–1·04) | 0·062 |
| Age | 1·02 (0·98–1·06) | 0·255 | 1·00 (0·96–1·05) | 0·895 | 1·02 (0·97–1·08) | 0·439 |
| Marital statusNot married versus married | 1·04 (0·93–2·56) | 0·881 | 0·77 (0·39–1·52) | 0·459 | 0·98 (0·51–1·88) | 0·951 |
| Job functionNon-manager versus head of mission | 1·54 (0·93–2·56) | 0·095 | 0·96 (0·48–1·94) | 0·920 | 0·84 (0·41–1·73) | 0·647 |
| Hardship assignment | ||||||
| Yes versus no | 0·83 (0·40–1·71) | 2·24 (0·94–5·33) | 0·87 (0·34–2·19) | |||
| Agency does not designate any hardship assignments versus no | 0·69 (0·28–1·71) | 0·384 | 2·21 (0·59–8·29) | 0·101 | 1·93 (0·58–6·49) | 0·077 |
| Don't know versus no | 1·26 (0·63–2·53) | 3·46 (1·33–8·99) | 2·35 (0·92–5·96) | |||
| History mental illnessNo versus yes | 0·87 (0·50–1·52) | 0·626 | 0·76 (0·35–1·63) | 0·486 | 1·14 (0·52–2·48) | 0·749 |
| Social support | 0·95 (0·91–0·98) | 0·006 | 0·96 (0·91–1·00) | 0·075 | 0·98 (0·94–1·03) | 0·516 |
| Trauma exposure category * | ||||||
| Traumatic stress category 2 versus 1 | 1·62 (0·96–2·74) | 0·203 | – | – | 1·31 (0·69–2·46) | 0·184 |
| Traumatic stress category 3 versus 1 | 1·40 (0·61–3·18) | 4·12 (1.27–13.33) | ||||
| Positive NGO working experiencesYes versus no | 1·07 (1·01–1·14) | 0·025 | – | – | – | – |
| Motivation | 0·93 (0·87–0·98) | 0·007 | – | – | – | – |
| Chronic stressSum | 1·02 (0·96–1·08) | 0·575 | – | – | 1·11 (1·04–1·19) | 0·002 |
| Health habits index | – | – | 0·86 (0·64–1·17) | 0·353 | – | – |
| Extraordinary stress | – | – | 1·47 (1·17–1·83) | 0·005 | 0·94 (0·75–1·07) | 0·557 |
| Childhood trauma | – | – | 0·92 (0·58–1·45) | 0·718 | 1·16 (0·76–1·77) | 0·510 |
| Team cohesion field leader | – | – | – | – | 0·96 (0·90–1·02) | 0·113 |
AOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; NGO = non-governmental organization.
Each variable in the table was adjusted for all other variables in the table.
Time was also included as an adjustment variable in the analysis.
p values are based on the Type III Wald chi-squared statistic.
p values <0·05 were considered statistically significant and are in bold type.
*
Trauma exposures are defined as follows:
Category 1 = 0 trauma events.
Category 2 = 1–4 traumatic events.
Category 3 = ≥5 traumatic events.