The range (lines) and mean ± one standard deviation (solid boxes) of allele frequencies of the 100 random replicates at each sample size for one common and one relatively rare allele in A) the ant dataset, B) the squirrel dataset, C) the albatross dataset and D) the kakī dataset. The alleles are: A) allele 159 at locus FE16 (grey boxes, real frequency = 0.176) and allele 116 at locus FE17 (black boxes, real frequency = 0.833); B) allele 196 at locus Scv8 (grey boxes, real frequency = 0.126) and allele 162 at locus Scv23 (black boxes, real frequency = 0.766); C) allele 187 at locus De35 (grey boxes, real frequency = 0.147) and allele 165 at locus D5 (black boxes, real frequency = 0.852); and D) allele 241 at locus Kakī_21 (grey boxes, real frequency = 0.112) and allele 200 at locus Kakī_27 (black boxes, real frequency = 0.745).