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. 2012 Sep 12;7(9):e45162. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045162

Table 3. Plasma proteomic and C-reactive protein (CRP) analyses stratified by users and non-users of hormonal contraception in three ethnocultural groups (Whites, East Asians and South Asians/Other).

WHITES EAST ASIANS SOUTH ASIANS + OTHER
Non-Users (n = 209) Users (n = 166) Non-Users (n = 243) Users (n = 39) Non-Users (n = 91) Users(n = 35)
Plasma Protein (μmol/L) Mean±SE‡ Mean±SE‡ p-value† * Mean±SE‡ Mean±SE‡ p-value† * Mean±SE‡ Mean±SE‡ p-value† * DIRECTION relative to users
α1-Antitrypsin 10.58±0.17 14.52±0.27 <.0001 10.04±0.13 12.78±0.42 <.0001 11.15±0.25 14.08±0.48 <.0001 higher in users
Angiotensinogen 0.71±0.02 2.13±0.07 <.0001 0.67±0.01 1.76±0.13 <.0001 0.69±0.03 2.15±0.15 <.0001 higher in users
α2-HS-Glycoprotein 8.39±0.15 10.32±0.18 <.0001 8.31±0.1 9.56±0.32 0.0003 8.62±0.20 10.63±0.37 <.0001 higher in users
Apolipoprotein A-I 43.41±0.63 50.57±0.81 <.0001 43.99±0.62 50.66±1.61 0.0004 41.2±0.95 51.89±1.96 <.0001 higher in users
Apolipoprotein A-II Precursor 23.66±0.36 30.19±0.45 <.0001 23.61±0.31 29.35±0.98 <.0001 23.10±0.51 31.31±1.25 <.0001 higher in users
Apolipoprotein L1 0.36±0.01 0.6±0.02 <.0001 0.34±0.01 0.53±0.03 <.0001 0.41±0.02 0.58±0.03 <.0001 higher in users
C-Reactive Protein 0.92±0.17 2.69±0.26 <.0001 0.49±0.09 2.40±0.58 <.0001 1.36±0.29 2.25±0.38 <.0001 higher in users
Ceruloplasmin 2.12±0.05 3.69±0.09 <.0001 1.89±0.03 3.16±0.11 <.0001 2.26±0.07 3.82±0.21 <.0001 higher in users
D Vitamin Binding Protein 2.69±0.04 3.7±0.07 <.0001 2.56±0.03 3.38±0.11 <.0001 2.68±0.05 3.63±0.13 <.0001 higher in users
Coagulation Factor XIIa HC 0.28±0.01 0.40±0.01 <.0001 0.19±0.01 0.27±0.01 <.0001 0.22±0.01 0.39±0.02 <.0001 higher in users
Heparin Cofactor II 0.67±0.01 0.88±0.02 <.0001 0.63±0.01 0.76±0.03 <.0001 0.72±0.02 0.86±0.04 0.0006 higher in users
Kininogen-1 2.05±0.03 2.79±0.05 <.0001 1.94±0.02 2.46±0.07 <.0001 2.00±0.05 2.76±0.13 <.0001 higher in users
Plasminogen 1.15±0.02 1.50±0.02 <.0001 1.17±0.01 1.47±0.04 <.0001 1.21±0.02 1.54±0.06 <.0001 higher in users
Retinol-Binding Protein 0.86±0.02 1.17±0.02 <.0001 0.79±0.01 1.08±0.04 <.0001 0.77±0.02 1.13±0.05 <.0001 higher in users
Serum Amyloid P-Component 0.38±0.01 0.51±0.01 <.0001 0.35±0.01 0.56±0.03 <.0001 0.43±0.02 0.53±0.03 0.0002 higher in users
Vitronectin 3.53±0.05 4.65±0.08 <.0001 3.46±0.04 4.32±0.11 <.0001 3.70±0.08 4.69±0.17 <.0001 higher in users
Apolipoprotein E 0.5±0.01 0.43±0.01 <.0001 0.58±0.01 0.47±0.02 0.0005 0.57±0.02 0.41±0.02 <.0001 lower in users
Complement C1 Inactivator 4.73±0.08 3.74±0.1 <.0001 4.89±0.07 4.24±0.17 0.0006 5.04±0.12 3.92±0.24 <.0001 lower in users
Histidine-rich Glycoprotein 1.37±0.03 1.03±0.03 <.0001 1.43±0.03 1.14±0.07 <.0001 1.39±0.04 0.97±0.05 <.0001 lower in users
Afamin 0.24±0 0.29±0.01 <.0001 0.25±0.01 0.27±0.01 0.1485 0.25±0.01 0.30±0.01 <.0001
α1-Acid Glycoprotein 1 1.97±0.05 1.59±0.04 <.0001 1.55±0.03 1.42±0.09 0.1009 1.97±0.07 1.48±0.08 <.0001
Albumin 965.89±11.35 890.33±10.53 <.0001 976.09±9.52 896.57±12.8 0.0019 933.32±15.04 863.39±19.03 0.0157
Apolipoprotein B-100 0.77 ± 0.02 0.93±0.02 <.0001 0.75±0.01 0.80±0.03 0.1799 0.77±0.03 0.95±0.04 0.0006
Apolipoprotein C-III 2.28±0.05 3.05±0.07 <.0001 2.32±0.05 2.80±0.13 0.0011 2.16±0.09 2.89±0.15 <.0001
Complement C3 18.98±0.32 21.86±0.35 <.0001 17.75±0.24 20.13±0.56 0.0011 21.10±0.59 22.44±0.85 0.1815
Complement Factor B 1.41±0.03 1.57±0.03 <.0001 1.3±0.02 1.56±0.07 0.0002 1.66±0.05 1.66±0.06 0.8341
Complement Factor H 0.60±0.01 0.65±0.01 <.0001 0.53±0.01 0.57±0.02 0.0418 0.66±0.02 0.66±0.02 0.6789
Clusterin 1.5±0.02 1.64±0.03 <.0001 1.5±0.02 1.63±0.04 0.0117 1.52±0.03 1.68±0.06 0.0188
Hemopexin 10.44±0.15 11.44±0.16 <.0001 9.53±0.13 10.71±0.24 0.0014 10.61±0.24 11.25±0.41 0.1937
Inter- α-Trypsin Inhibitor HC 0.60±0.01 0.67±0.01 <.0001 0.62±0.01 0.68±0.02 0.0059 0.62±0.01 0.69±0.02 0.0028
Prothrombin 0.56±0.01 0.62±0.01 <.0001 0.57±0.01 0.61±0.01 0.0641 0.58±0.01 0.60±0.02 0.6427
Transferrin 12.41±0.21 14.57±0.25 <.0001 11.99±0.18 13.18±0.39 0.008 13.01±0.35 15.39±0.55 0.0003
Transthyretin 5.38±0.09 5.97±0.09 <.0001 5.41±0.08 5.98±0.17 0.0064 4.97±0.11 5.84±0.21 0.0003
Apolipoprotein A-IV 1.49±0.03 1.34±0.03 0.0001 1.32±0.02 1.29±0.05 0.7936 1.41±0.05 1.26±0.07 0.0649
Antithrombin-III 3.59±0.05 3.38±0.04 0.0008 3.61±0.04 3.31±0.07 0.0098 3.54±0.06 3.30±0.09 0.0292
α1B-Glycoprotein 1.72±0.03 1.89±0.05 0.002 1.62±0.03 1.78±0.09 0.0864 1.64±0.06 1.84 ± 0.12 0.122
Apolipoprotein C-I 3.31±0.07 3.51±0.06 0.0074 3.18±0.05 3.43±0.14 0.1587 3.13±0.10 3.36±0.13 0.1626
L-Selectin 0.08±0 0.07±0 0.0089 0.07±0.01 0.06±0.01 0.0059 0.07±0.01 0.07±0.01 0.0537
Fibrinogen γ Chain 9.54±0.3 10.27±0.34 0.0139 9.46±0.24 11.09±1.23 0.1462 10.13±0.38 10.61±0.5 0.3454
Fibrinogen β Chain 9.59±0.26 10.27±0.33 0.0192 9.49±0.23 10.71±0.97 0.1513 10.06±0.33 11.1±0.58 0.1364
Fibrinogen α Chain 11.99±0.38 12.94±0.49 0.0205 12.01±0.33 14.25±1.88 0.1225 12.36±0.44 13.9±0.72 0.0979
Fibrinopeptide A 7.17±0.19 7.56±0.21 0.0305 6.99±0.16 8.07±0.85 0.1418 7.60±0.24 8.09±0.38 0.3526
Gelsolin, isoform 1 1.19±0.02 1.11±0.02 0.0343 1.17±0.02 1.05±0.04 0.0005 1.21±0.03 1.18±0.05 0.6169
α2-Antiplasmin 1.92±0.03 1.99±0.03 0.0344 1.91±0.03 1.95±0.04 0.369 1.93±0.04 2.03±0.07 0.2039
Zinc- α2-Glycoprotein 1.02±0.03 1.08±0.03 0.0561 0.96±0.02 1.04±0.05 0.233 1.01±0.04 1.09±0.06 0.2064
α2-Macroglobulin 6.1±0.12 5.92±0.15 0.0972 6.19±0.1 5.79±0.19 0.2542 6.25±0.18 6.03±0.22 0.7205
α1-Antichymotrypsin 3.5±0.06 3.35±0.06 0.1129 3.22±0.05 3.19±0.1 0.8063 3.63±0.09 3.17±0.13 0.0016
Apolipoprotein D 0.35±0.01 0.34±0.01 0.1283 0.33±0.01 0.32±0.01 0.4027 0.36±0.01 0.33±0.01 0.0988
Complement C9 2.8±0.05 2.69±0.06 0.1585 2.71±0.05 2.84±0.16 0.6286 3.17±0.10 2.60±0.10 0.0017
Complement C4 β Chain 1.36±0.03 1.4±0.04 0.1646 1.36±0.03 1.38±0.08 0.9182 1.66±0.07 1.65±0.12 0.9227
Complement C4 γ Chain 1.49±0.03 1.53±0.04 0.2421 1.51±0.04 1.51±0.08 0.7504 1.83±0.08 1.85±0.13 0.904
Adiponectin 0.08±0 0.07±0 0.2474 0.06±0.01 0.06±0.01 0.6549 0.06±0.01 0.06±0.01 0.5314
Fibronectin 0.65±0.08 0.62±0.1 0.4056 0.59±0.07 0.73±0.22 0.8263 0.50±0.04 0.65±0.10 0.5252
Haptoglobin β Chain 11±0.35 10.45±0.36 0.6736 9.86±0.32 9.21±0.91 0.3018 13.38±0.70 9.48±1.09 <.0001
β2-Glycoprotein I 2.83±0.05 2.80±0.05 0.8658 2.62±0.03 2.61±0.06 0.9237 2.77±0.06 2.73±0.14 0.5768

Bold and Italic  =  Significant at the Bonferroni level; Italic  =  significant but not at the Bonferroni level.

*

Adjusted for age, waist circumference and physical activity.

†

Untransformed, log transformed or square route transformed.

‡

Unadjusted and untransformed means and standard errors.