Table 1. Comparison of ecology and behavior of C. lomamiensis and C. hamlyni.

Element	C. lomamiensis	C. hamlyni 1
Known Range	17,000 km2	180,000 km2
Elevation range	400–615 m	450–3500 m
Habitat	Mature evergreen terra firma forests of the central Lomamiand upper Tshuapa basins including mixed andmonodominant forests.	Mature terra firma and secondary forests from lowlandformations in the west to montane forests and bambooin the Albertine Rift.
Markings	Nose strip diffuse and off-white and blends into paleexposed face skin. Adult male: bright aquamarine scrotumand large perineal patch. Young male: pale gray, or faintlyblue scrotum and perineal patch. Female: pale gray perinealarea, sometimes with a bluish caste.	Nose stripe white, prominent, sharply demarcates the face.Nose stripe reduced or absent in some individuals (seeC. hamlyni kahuziensis). Adult male: bright aquamarinescrotum and large perineal patch. Variably present blue skinpatches on elbows. Female: No perineal coloration.
Vocal behavior	Low frequency, descending ‘boom’, most frequent duringdawn chorus. Booms can be elicited by imitating eagle calls.	Low frequency, descending ‘boom’, most frequentduring dawn chorus. Booms not readily elicited by imitatingeagle calls.
Olfactory signals	No information	Sternal (apocrine) glands and ritualized chest rubbingobserved in captives.
Positional behavior	Ground to canopy. Feeds, moves and flees on ground.	Ground to canopy. Terrestriality varies by habitat, mostfrequent in montane habitats.
Associations with other primates	Frequent member of multi species associations of primates.	Occasionally joins multi species associations in Ituri Forest.Forages terrestrially with duikers in Ituri.
Group composition and size	Groups of adult females and their offspring and typicallyone adult male. Group size unknown, up to 5 individualsseen together.	Groups of adult females and their offspring and typicallyone adult male. Group size typically 1–15. One group of 22in Nyungwe Forest. One apparently temporary associationof ∼40 individuals seen in the Ituri Forest.
Terrestrial vegetation in diet	Marantaceae important dietary component. Feeds onfallen fruit beneath arboreal primates.	Marantaceae and fungi reported in Ituri. Bamboo in montanehabitats. Feeds on fallen fruit beneath arboreal primates.
Predators	Crowned eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus).	Leopard (Panthera pardus) and crowned eagles in Ituri Forest.

Note: ¹ Sources for C. hamlyni [31], [43]–[48].