Fig. 4.

A : Intraoperative microscopic photo (right : cranial, left : caudal, upper : left, lower : right) showing the nerve root herniated (arrow) into the disc space (^*root retractor, ^**microprobe). B : Severe adhesion (arrowhead) is observed between the nerve root, dura, and disc (^*** suction). C : After release of the nerve root, the ventral dural defect is closed with artificial dura. D : The nerve root was repositioned after dural repair. Note the swelling of the nerve root due to ample manipulation for adhesiolysis.