Fig. 3.

a A CT scan of case 8 before the development of NTM disease. Centrilobular small nodules, tree-in-bud sign, and bronchiectasis are seen in the right middle lobe and the lingula. A thick-walled cavity is present in the right middle lobe (S5). b After 10 months of etanercept therapy, bilateral centrilobular small nodules, tree-in-bud structures, and multifocal bronchiectasis are prominent in the right middle and lower lobes and the lingula. Ground-glass opacities and mild consolidation are seen in the whole right lung. The cavitary lesions are increased in size. c CT imaging taken after 18 months of anti-NTM therapy shows disappearance of consolidation