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Sertoli cell-only (SCO) tubules in sewage sludge-exposed animals. SCO tubules were defined as those that contained either no VASA positive germ cells (A) or only a few spermatogonia (Sg, arrows) scattered around the basement membrane (B). In contrast, tubules scored as non-SCO (C) either had many Sg scattered around the basement membrane or Sg plus other germ cell types were present (*). Scale bar = 50 μm.
