Table 1.
Weight, fasting circulating leptin, glucose and insulin concentrations, and HOMA in 3-month-old male and female rats.
| Control | HFG | HFP | HFGP | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body weight (g) | ||||
| Males | 235 ± 6.48 n = 36 |
279 ± 16.19 n = 6 |
301 ± 18.67* n = 13 |
402 ± 13.92∗†‡
n = 8 |
| Females | 200 ± 8.81 n = 8 |
215 ± 32.79 n = 3 |
263 ± 22.98 n = 7 |
— |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | ||||
| Males | 0.65 ± 0.10 n = 8 |
0.50 ± 0.00 n = 3 |
4.94 ± 1.23* n = 7 |
12.20 ± 1.74∗†‡
n = 3 |
| Females | 0.65 ± 0.10 n = 8 |
0.60 ± 0.10 n = 3 |
4.80 ± 1.29* n = 7 |
— |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | ||||
| Males | 7.3 ± 0.25 n = 40 |
9.7 ± 1.08 n = 10 |
11.2 ± 1.09* n = 17 |
10.8 ± 1.59* n = 8 |
| Females | 5.8 ± 1.81 n = 6 |
7.9 ± 1.61 n = 3 |
15.9 ± 0.67∗†
n = 7 |
— |
| Insulin (μU/mL) | ||||
| Males | 185.0 ± 41.36 n = 26 |
109.5 ± 30.47 n = 5 |
407.4 ± 65.01 n = 13 |
669.1 ± 420.10∗†
n = 3 |
| Females | 174.8 ± 79.39 n = 8 |
75.1 ± 5.19 n = 3 |
328.2 ± 24.67 n = 7 |
— |
| HOMA-insulin resistance | ||||
| Males | 79.4 ± 19.53 n = 18 |
37.9 ± 9.31 n = 4 |
188.8 ± 30.47 n = 11 |
378.0 ± 181.10∗†
n = 3 |
| Females | 17.1 ± 2.02 n = 4 |
26.6 ± 6.97 n = 3 |
236.5 ± 52.87∗†
n = 3 |
— |
| HOMA-beta-cell function | ||||
| Males | 1127 ± 317.4 n = 18 |
267 ± 55.0 n = 4 |
1753 ± 548.4 n = 10 |
1600 ± 1256.0 n = 3 |
| Females | 69 ± 20.3 n = 4 |
23 ± 7.4 n = 3 |
20 ± 2.1 n = 3 |
— |
HFG: high-fat diet during fetal life; HFP: high-fat diet during postnatal life; HFGP: high-fat diet during both fetal and postnatal life. Data are means ± SEM. *P < 0.05 versus control; † P < 0.05 versus HFG; ‡ P < 0.05 versus HFP.