TABLE 3.
DHA in the zero-portions group and differences in changes in DHA between treatment groups at 12 mo1
| DHA2 |
Change in DHA3 |
|||||
| 0 portions | 1 compared with 0 portions | 2 compared with 0 portions | 4 compared with 0 portions | P | ||
| % of total FAs | % of total FAs | |||||
| Plasma PC | 3.56 ± 1.34 | 0.63 (0.18, 1.08) | 1.59 (1.12, 2.06) | 2.36 (1.90, 2.82) | <0.0001 | |
| Plasma CEs | 0.50 ± 0.22 | 0.13 (−0.02, 0.29) | 0.27 (0.11, 0.43) | 0.49 (0.33, 0.64) | <0.0001 | |
| Plasma NEFAs | 1.19 ± 0.53 | 0.60 (0.05, 1.14) | 0.81 (0.25, 1.38) | 1.60 (1.04, 2.15) | <0.0001 | |
| Plasma TAGs | 0.82 ± 0.70 | 0.24 (−0.16, 0.64) | 1.12 (0.71, 1.54) | 1.97 (1.56, 2.37) | <0.0001 | |
| MNCs | 1.62 ± 0.51 | 0.57 (0.28, 0.86) | 1.02 (0.72, 1.32) | 1.61 (1.31, 1.90) | <0.0001 | |
| RBCs | 4.84 ± 1.10 | 1.23 (0.61, 1.86) | 2.38 (1.73, 3.03) | 3.42 (2.78, 4.06) | <0.0001 | |
| PLATs | 1.87 ± 0.56 | 0.54 (0.30, 0.78) | 1.21 (0.97, 1.46) | 2.09 (1.84, 2.33) | <0.0001 | |
| BUs4 | — | — | — | — | <0.0001 | |
| AT | 0.22 ± 0.13 | 0.05 (−0.01, 0.10) | 0.06 (0.00, 0.11) | 0.13 (0.07, 0.18) | <0.0001 | |
n = 30 (0-portions group), n = 35 (1-portion group), n = 30 (2-portions group), and n = 33 (4-portions group). Mixed-effects models were adjusted for baseline DHA, age, sex, study center, baseline BMI, and average compliance (%). The P value for the global test is presented for each outcome variable. AT, adipose tissue; BUs, buccal cells; CEs, cholesteryl esters; FAs, fatty acids; MNCs, blood mononuclear cells; NEFAs, nonesterified fatty acids; PC, phosphatidylcholine; PLATs, platelets; RBCs, erythrocytes (red blood cells); TAGs, triglycerides.
All values are means ± SDs.
All values are adjusted mean differences (95% CIs) between groups at 12 mo calculated in the mixed-effects model.
No mean-difference data are presented for BUs because data were nonnormally distributed and analyzed by using the Kruskal-Wallis rank test. The median (IQR) for each portion group is as follows: 0-portions group, 0.52 (0, 0.74); 1-portion group, 0.90 (0.61, 1.09); 2-portions group, 1.13 (0.93, 1.36); and 4-portions group: 1.43 (1.07, 1.62).