TABLE 4.
EPA plus DHA in the zero-portions group and the adjusted mean differences in EPA plus DHA between treatment groups at 12 mo1
| EPA plus DHA2 |
Change in EPA plus DHA3 |
|||||
| 0 portions | 1 compared with 0 portions | 2 compared with 0 portions | 4 compared with 0 portions | P | ||
| % of total FAs | % of total FAs | |||||
| Plasma PC | 4.84 ± 2.00 | 1.07 (0.40, 1.73) | 2.72 (2.03, 3.41) | 4.66 (3.99, 5.34) | <0.0001 | |
| Plasma CEs | 1.67 ± 0.93 | 0.41 (0.05, 0.78) | 1.30 (0.92, 1.68) | 2.79 (2.42, 3.16) | <0.0001 | |
| Plasma NEFAs | 1.46 ± 0.65 | 0.76 (0.05, 1.48) | 1.09 (0.34, 1.84) | 2.17 (1.44, 2.90) | <0.0001 | |
| Plasma TAGs | 1.32 ± 1.10 | 0.38 (−0.28, 1.03) | 1.69 (1.01, 2.37) | 3.32 (2.65, 3.98) | <0.0001 | |
| MNCs | 2.15 ± 0.70 | 0.88 (0.43, 1.33) | 1.88 (1.41, 2.34) | 3.44 (2.99, 3.90) | <0.0001 | |
| RBCs | 7.68 ± 2.71 | 1.83 (0.92, 2.74) | 3.63 (2.68, 4.58) | 4.52 (3.59, 5.45) | <0.0001 | |
| PLATs | 2.85 ± 0.87 | 1.00 (0.53, 1.48) | 2.36 (1.87, 2.85) | 4.49 (4.01, 4.97) | <0.0001 | |
| BUs4 | — | — | — | — | <0.0001 | |
| AT | 0.40 ± 0.21 | 0.10 (0.01, 0.18) | 0.10 (0.01, 0.18) | 0.24 (0.15, 0.32) | <0.0001 | |
n = 30 (0-portions group), n = 35 (1-portion group), n = 30 (2-portions group), and n = 33 (4-portions group). Mixed-effects models were adjusted for baseline EPA plus DHA, age, sex, study center, baseline BMI, and average compliance (%). The P value for the global test is presented for each outcome variable. AT, adipose tissue; BUs, buccal cells; CEs, cholesteryl esters; FAs, fatty acids; MNCs, blood mononuclear cells; NEFAs, nonesterified fatty acids; PC, phosphatidylcholine; PLATs, platelets; RBCs, erythrocytes (red blood cells); TAGs, triglycerides.
All values are means ± SDs.
All values are adjusted mean differences (95% CIs) between groups at 12 mo calculated in the mixed-effects model.
No mean-difference data are presented for BUs because data were nonnormally distributed and analyzed by using the Kruskal-Wallis rank test. The median (IQR) for each portion group is as follows: 0-portions group, 1.39 (0.93, 2.96); 1-portion group: 1.63 (1.42, 2.14); 2-portions group: 2.33 (1.89, 3.44); and 4-portions group: 2.97 (2.22, 3.70).